萨尔科齐夫妻的婚姻生活还被改编成小说
要说第一夫人的名号对一个女人来说诱惑力有多大，看看法国总统候选人萨尔科齐的夫人塞西莉亚就知道了。这位个性十足的女人曾经抛下丈夫，与情人一同远走高飞。而在离2007年法国总统选举首轮投票仅剩3周的关键时刻，被媒体视为萨尔科齐“秘密武器”的塞西莉亚正在帮助丈夫铺设通向总统宝座的道路。
为情人两度“出逃”
据英国媒体4月1日报道，52岁的萨尔科齐和48岁的塞西莉亚一度被视为“爱情与事业的完美组合”。身为
名模的塞西莉亚婚后一直扮演着丈夫非正式政治顾问的角色。有媒体称，在萨尔科奇担任财政部长时，她就是公认的财政部“二号人物”。
可2004年底，两人的感情出现了危机——塞西莉亚有了情人理查德-阿迪亚斯，后来索性在2005年离家出走，与阿迪亚斯在纽约同居。萨尔科奇一直在努力挽救婚姻。经过几个月的苦苦哀求之后，他终于说服妻子重新回到自己的怀抱。但世事就是一波三折，萨尔科齐得意了还没有1个月，妻子再度“出逃”。
萨尔科齐自己承认，妻子是他最信任的人，就如同他竞选道路上的灯塔一般。
贤内助低调回巢
出人意料的是，去年年底，决心“攫取”第一夫人名号的塞西莉亚悄悄回到萨尔科齐身边，低调选择了一家时尚设计师的工作室充当老公的竞选总部，当起了萨尔科齐非正式的顾问。
据悉，身居幕后的塞西莉亚利用自己的人脉优势，为丈夫觅得多位优秀竞选顾问。她尝试改变萨尔科齐的“硬汉”形象，帮助他与女候选人塞格莱娜-罗亚尔争夺女性选民的选票。萨尔科齐自己承认，妻子是他最信任的人。
52岁的萨尔科齐和48岁的塞西莉亚一度被视为“爱情与事业的完美组合”。
跌宕情史 变畅销书
在塞西莉亚离开期间，萨尔科齐也被传出与一名《费加罗报》政治女记者的绯闻。但有评论称，塞尔科齐此举仅为让塞西莉亚心生嫉妒而回心转意。
此外，萨尔科齐夫妻的婚姻生活还被改编成小说，登上巴黎畅销书排行榜。
2007年10月27日星期六
一个女人“绑架”了一座城市
这是深秋的一个傍晚。夜色缓缓向四周弥散，几辆闪着红色警灯的警车和消防车由远及近渐次鸣声大作，一下撕破了平西村的宁静。“快去看啊，来了好多人１消息在村民中间飞快地传递。
转瞬间，警车、消防车、公务车甚至私家车，几十辆车浩浩荡荡向一个方向汇集。从村里、镇里、区里甚至几十公里以外的广州市相继赶来的人，很快在一个点上汇聚起几百人，在“国庆”长假的最后一天，搅动了广州市花都区花山镇的这座村庄。
紧张的人群不时很费力地仰起脖子往上看，因为他们视线聚焦的目标是如此之高：在村水泥道旁的一块玉米地里，在那座相当于16层楼房一般高的高压铁塔的顶端，在好几条22万伏的高压线路丛中，架着一个人。
在薄暮中，塔底的人群只能依稀辨认出，这是一个女人。她骑在绿色角钢搭成的铁塔顶端，仅凭几根交错的铁条支撑着身体的重量，摇摇欲坠。
现场几乎没人认识她。警方只能从围观村民七嘴八舌提供的信息中了解些许眉目：这是一个外地女人，看上去精神恍惚。10月7日下午，她先是跳进村里的一个鱼塘。鱼塘水很浅，只没到她的胸部。她爬出鱼塘，全身湿透，又在村里转了几圈，在17时30分前后,开始攀爬这座高压铁塔。
一名村干部刚好路过，赶紧喝令制止。但他越是叫喊，女人反而爬得越是起劲。据说，她只花了10多分钟，就爬到了铁塔顶端。她在铁塔两侧像手臂一样伸出的横担上来回移动，有几次，她还伸出手去够最顶端的架空地线。
没有人确切知道她为什么要这么做。人们推测，她想自杀。
“她是傻子吗？１围观的村民中有人发出这样的疑问。
“她死定了１有人嚷道。
塔底下的人们，“心时刻提到嗓子眼上”：每一分钟，她都可能从50米高空突然坠落，惨状万分地当场死在他们面前。
原本这个轻松而平静的长假即将结束，人们正准备着重新投入上班的日子。但那名村干部那天下午拨打的110报警电话，却无异于一条紧急动员令。为了这个素不相识的陌生女人，许多人从饭桌边被叫到现场参与营救，有些人正等着开饭，有些人则刚吃到一半。
铁塔上的女人也许没有料到，她自己已经打算放弃的生命，这个她初来乍到的陌生城市却并不打算放弃。在随后的几小时内，人们为此进行了某种意义上的全城大动员。
停电可不是拉一下闸那么简单
她只是在高耸的铁塔上呆着，有时动一动身体，换一换姿势，有时还向下张望几眼。没有人知道她心里在想什么。
警方在距铁塔约30米外拉起警戒线。不止一个警种出动。民警在现场维持秩序，疏散围观人群；交警在外围维护道路交通；甚至还调动了特警，因为消防队唯一的安全气垫在不久前的一次营救中被毁，他们送来一只橘红色的安全气垫，铺在塔底，以防塔顶的女人突然坠地。在通往现场的各个道路岔口，也布置了警力，使赶来参与营救的人们不致迷路。
塔顶的女人也许看到了6名身穿橘红色特勤服的消防队员的到来。18时过后，在微微的夜色中，他们开着庞大的消防车火速赶来，还紧急调来一架如巨人之臂般的消防云梯。
这天下午，广州市公安局消防支队第五大队花都中队的这些小伙子，原本刚刚帮助一户居民摘除了房屋外的马蜂窝。在回消防队的路上，他们接到了这个紧急出警电话。他们通常在发生火灾、水灾、交通事故，以及各类自杀时紧急出动，有时还会帮人们开门取钥匙。但这一次营救，是他们遇到的前所未有的新挑战。
消防云梯的垂直极限高度只有54米，而云梯车距离铁塔约20米，巨人之臂无法够到铁塔顶端。
“当时只能靠人工徒手攀爬去救人。”消防队员事后回忆说，“但我们从来没有上过这样高的铁塔。”事实上，他们此前徒手攀登最高只到达过20多米的高空。
更可怕的是铁塔上的高压导线，它们像一枚随时可能引爆的炸弹。22万伏高压导线的安全距离只有3米。如果铁塔上的女人沿着横担进一步逼近导线，或者她纵身跳下，或者失足跌下，所有这些过程中一旦与导线距离小于3米，便会触电，导线将因此短路，不仅能让她“瞬间炭化”，而且整个铁塔也将因此带电，危及爬上铁塔的救援人员的生命。
前来营救的人们最初试图用代价最小的方式化解危机——说服她自己爬下来。他们通过喇叭用粤语和普通话轮番朝高空喊话，让她用肢体做出示意。但她没有任何反应。
暮色渐渐笼罩大地，吞没了铁塔顶端那个浅色的人影。随着时间流逝，人们担心，她也许已经没有体力自己安全地爬下铁塔。
只有派人上去营救了。
那么就意味着必须停电。
来自消防队的意见：“如果不停电绝对不能上，我们要为战士的生命负责。”
然而停电对一座城市意味着什么？工厂的生产线将因此停止运转，医院将有可能不能再施行手术，居民区的电梯将无法升降，红绿灯会因此失灵，交通会发生混乱，路灯也将大片熄灭，如果正好有大规模的集会，还容易发生挤压踩踏……而广州市建在花都区的国际大型航空港白云机场，那些起落的飞机，也有可能受到波及。
停电，城市将为此承受损失。数十万人口将为此遭受影响。
“停电可不是拉一下闸那么简单。”花都区供电局运行部主任董选昌说。
以前，我们紧急处理的只是设备，但这一次是人
董选昌开车走错了两个路口后才找到这里。在他供职电力部门10余年的经历中，一旦输电线路出现问题，他和同事们总是第一时间赶去现常商家搞庆祝活动用的大气球或者大横幅挂上了输电线路，龙卷风刮起铁皮屋上的铁皮碰到了线路，运输船只不小心撞坏了线路等等各种意外，甚至线路底下农民们种的桉树长势过快，也都有可能导致电网的某一局部失灵。
而眼下，董选昌和同事们遇到了他们此前从未经历过的意外，“以前，我们紧急处理的只是设备，但这一次是人。”这让他们备感棘手。
看起来，在董选昌和他的同事负责运行维护的1400多个电线杆和电塔中，这个女人似乎只是随意爬上了其中的一座，但受到她威胁的，却是花都电网中的两条主干“大动脉”。
从云贵地区西电东送过来的电力，沿着中国南方电网50万伏的超高压线路，一路输送到这座铁塔约30公里外的换流站，在那里转成22万伏，“拐”进这两条高压线路，再输送进花都区。而整个花都区近1000平方公里辖区所用的绝大部分电力，总共由3条这样的输电线路供给。
这意味着，为了救这个女人，需要切断花都区3条“大动脉”中的两条，也意味着，将停止花都区一半以上的电力供应。
至少半个花都将陷入黑暗。
而仅剩的一条“大动脉”，是修建于上世纪80年代的老旧线路，它从200多公里外的韶关一路穿山越水而来，没有人能保证，它在长途的跋山涉水中不会因为突然的风雨或雷击或人为施工破坏等各种不测而跳闸。
那么，最坏的打算是，整个花都将陷入黑暗。
“我们供电部门承担很大的压力，政府也承担着很大的风险。”花都区供电局副局长莫文雄说，“停与不停，必须由政府来决定。”
毕竟人命关天，哪有见死不救的道理？更何况我们是一级政府
21时30分前后，不停电的情况下能采取的所有营救措施均宣告无效。女人还悬在50米的高空。很长一段时间，她斜躺在铁架上。也许她干脆在黑暗中闭起了眼睛，也许她能眺望到这个城市灿烂的灯火，或者，她也许还会俯视那些像蚂蚁一样匆匆汇聚到她脚下的人群。
人群一直在紧急动员中。
120救护人员早已在现场待命。消防队员早已在现场待命。供电部门的抢修队伍早已在现场待命。
区供电局的领导到了。市供电局应急办公室的领导到了。花山镇镇政府能出动的干部都出动了。区政府应急办公室主任赶来了。一位副区长赶来了。3位区委常委赶来了。3位常委中，有当天负责值班的区委纪委书记，有区委办公室主任，甚至还有区武装部长。“谁知道呢，当时现场说不准就有可能需要调动部队来帮忙。”区政府应急办公室主任杨志强事后说。
现场组成了临时指挥部。在一条排水沟附近的农田里，摆上几张折叠椅，就是指挥部所在地。指挥部把一家当地电视台记者的摄像机“征用”了，充当望远镜来监测塔顶的营救对象。
消防车上的探照灯照亮了现常人们不敢将灯柱对准他们的监测和营救目标，怕强光给她造成某种意想不到的刺激，只是偶尔将光柱移上去晃一下，看一看她在铁塔上的动向。
指挥部在紧急磋商。他们在来来回回的电话中与不在现场的相关人员磋商。他们向上级机构层层汇报。
莫文雄的手机打爆了。这位副局长不得不把一位下属的手机电池给“征用”了。
因为这两条“大动脉”不仅主供花都地区用电，还是连接韶关和广州的省内电力大通道，这样的主干线路停电，“需要大动作”，花都区调度没有决策权，广州市地区调度“也说了不算”，调度权在广东省调度中心。
停与不停，三级供电部门经过紧急论证，已经做好两手准备，备好应急预案。“我们有责任把可能面临的风险、预计造成的影响和我们的应对措施一一提交给区政府，供他们决策。”莫文雄事后说。
最后的拍板在花都区区委区政府。
有关领导重点询问：“白云机场供电能不能保证？”
供电部门答复：可以保证。
区纪委书记钟国雄事后表示，当时的权衡中，只要能保住这座国际航空港，其它的损失是可以承受的。
“毕竟人命关天，哪有见死不救的道理？更何况我们是一级政府。”
来自不同渠道的消息显示，当时“从上到下一致同意停电救人”，“停电还是不停电，没有争论”。花都区委书记潘潇和代区长林中坚也发来指示：“救人要紧。”
当晚22时10分左右，董选昌在一旁听到副区长戴新爵用粤语大声说：“我们以人为本，停电救人吧。”
听到政府官员这样的表态，他感到有些“吃惊”，“心里挺感动的”。
她脚下这个城市的灯火一片一片地为她而熄灭
然而停电确实“并不是拉一下闸那么简单”，更多的人将被动员起来。
为了尽量减少损失，花都区供电局工作人员紧急就位，开始逐一致电辖区内重要用户。数千条短信同时发出：“为了救人，需要紧急停电处理……请全区工业用户准备。”
中国移动花都分公司接到求助电话：需要向广大市民短信通知停电消息，不致引起市民恐慌。
总经理钟伟雄带着几名技术骨干赶来与区政府信息中心汇合，紧急搜集齐所有花都区移动用户资料，导入区政府的“政务信息机”。他们商定，这些短信将不用移动10086端口发出，而使用政府的发送端口，因为“如果民众看到是政府的端口，会比较放心”。
这个建于两年前的平台，此前只对党政机关工作人员发布信息。这一次，这台原本用于办公的设备第一次用于大规模发布，向公众亮相。
“因紧急抢险需要……我区部分区域停电，不便之处，敬请谅解。”近100万个移动用户，包括这位花都分公司老总在内，当晚收到了区政府发送端口发来的停电通知。
花都电视台滚动播出停电通知。通知预告了最坏的可能，“花都电网仅剩一条220千伏线路供电，若此线路再受不可抗力影响而跳闸，花都地区将全部停电。”
“这其实是要让全体花都区市民都要为停电救人做好准备。”区供电局副局长莫文雄解释。
区供电局向省调度中心申请紧急停电。
从22时30分左右起，从低压到高压，输电线路开始依次逐级切断：220伏（380伏）——1万伏——11万伏——22万伏。
为了让这两条从铁塔上女人身旁经过的“大动脉”停下来，花都电网无数条“小血管”和难以计数的“毛细血管”先后被切断。整个花都电网共41万千瓦负荷，在半个小时内切掉23万千瓦。
大约半个花都的行政区域内，路灯大片大片地熄灭，交通信号灯失灵，城市的霓虹瞬间消失。就在距离这个命悬一线的女人三四公里外的花山镇，一家通宵营业的网吧里，七八十个客人面前的电脑同时黑屏。因为老板将手机落在车里，没有及时看到停电通知。这家网吧的突然停电导致4块主板和3块硬盘损坏，而当晚营业额损失上千元。
几家美容美发店提前结束营业。“24小时营业大旅店”的灯箱广告熄灭了。人们点起了蜡烛。
居民小区里，一位姓唐的女老师早早睡下，却因为电风扇突然罢工，在夜里11时过后被热醒了。她困得双眼睁不开，却不得不给她3岁的女儿扇扇子，扇子一停，小女儿就开始哭闹。她听到有人热得睡不着，到黑了灯的街道上去散步乘凉。
“总之是麻烦死了。”水果摊老板老刘抱怨说。当晚他至少少做了一半生意，整个市场黑乎乎的，想吃宵夜也没处吃，回家睡觉又没有空调，“热得要命”。不过，“反正救人嘛，无所谓啦。”他咧开嘴笑。
在这个大小工厂密集的地区，像老刘这样的水果摊主、卖茶蛋和煮玉米的小贩、烧烤档老板和各色小摊主都等着那些夜里两三点下班的工人们前来光顾，但这个晚上，他们大多不得不在一片黑暗里提前收摊。
大大小小的工厂主也在蒙受损失。新华街一家五金机械加工厂原本要组织大约20个工人加班赶货，据称当晚因为停电，少生产3吨产品。不过在这家老板看来，政府这次行动“很人性化”，完全可以谅解。
一家箱包生产企业，几条原本24小时运转的生产线不得不停下来。“没办法，”它的老板有些无奈地说，“毕竟是救一个人嘛，又不是救一条牛。”
当半个花都陷入黑暗时，只有白云机尝居民密集的中心城区、大商尝大型的生产企业如东风日产、党政机关、驻军部队、电台、电视台以及医院等等，依旧维持着供电。
一家22层高的大酒店启用了自备发电机，在一片黑暗的包围中，依然闪着霓虹。
没有人知道，这天夜里，这个女人在50米的高塔上，是否看到她脚下这个城市的灯火一片一片地为她而熄灭。
稍微出现失误和疏忽，有可能造成大面积的全区域的停电
她依旧骑在铁塔的顶端。当探照灯柱晃上去时，塔底的人们看到一个白色的影子。这期间，她脚上的一只鞋掉了下来。
现场之外，为了实现这次停电，供电部门的区调、地调和省调正通力合作。作为中国南方电网广东电网公司的一个下属单位，仅靠花都区供电局的力量，根本无法让这两条“大动脉”停下来。
甚至周边的区域电网也必须为此调整运行方式。这意味着，不仅整个花都电网为此面临风险，周边区域的电网也将为此承担一定风险。韶关、英德和佛山的调度中心也紧急加入合作。
“各级调度必须密切配合，如果在应急过程中稍微出现失误和疏忽，有可能造成大面积的全区域的停电，而且一时难以恢复。”莫文雄说。
在不同城市的不同调度室里，人们按照应急预案里的程序一步步进行操作。
这套程序从22时30分前后开始，在大约花费了一个多小时后，终于由省调度中心统一调度，在这两条线路分别位于白云区和花都区的两侧变电站里，工作人员紧急到位，两边一起配合操作，先将这两条线路的断路器切开，再将两侧的隔离刀闸拉开。最后，在一系列现场操作完成之后，将线路两侧接地，把余电导入大地。
至此，两条“大动脉”终于真正停了下来。
这时，已经是深夜23时50分。
女人拒绝了他们递过来的葡萄糖水，但没有拒绝安全带
现场之内，23时58分，营救人员整装受命营救。由花都区供电局送电班32岁的工人王成作向导，消防队20岁出头的义务兵吕文波和士官谢展强，背上15公斤重的缓降器、一条100米长的安全绳、一只备用头盔和一部对讲机，开始徒手向塔顶攀登。
在已经营救过五六十人之后，这是两位消防员第一次在这样的高空救人。攀登的过程没有保护，他们“心里有些紧张”，互相提醒脚下有没有踩实。最初他们还戴着棉纱手套，但抓起角铁来很滑，没有手感。
塔上风很大，他们感到塔身在旷野里轻轻摇动。“幸好是晚上。”谢展强后来庆幸说，否则心里容易害怕。
塔底的人们“心都悬了起来”。
借着探照灯的余光，他们小心翼翼爬了上去，途中没有黑暗。在距离女人10米处，他们停下来。女人正斜躺着，用大腿夹住铁架，显得很无力。无论他们怎样问话，女人始终不说一句话，只是点头或摇头。
他们问她饿不饿，女人摇头。问她困不困，她点头。“那我们带你回去休息。”消防队员这样安抚她。
当他们到达塔顶，女人拒绝了他们递过来的葡萄糖水，但没有拒绝安全带。
8日0时30分左右，当这个女人在铁塔上呆了大约7个小时后，塔底的人们从对讲机里听到报告说已经给她系上安全带，几乎全都松了一口气，“救人总算基本成功，心里终于踏实了。”区纪委书记钟国雄事后说。
直到这个女人靠着缓降器缓缓降到地面时，人们这才看清他们为之紧急动员的营救目标。她穿一件白色带蓝条的短袖T恤，一条深色牛仔裤，扎着一只麻雀尾式的辫子，浑身泥污。她依旧不说一句话。救护人员迅速把她抬上担架，送进了医院。
当最后一名消防队员双脚踩到地面时，区领导带头鼓掌，塔下响起了热烈的掌声。
现场人员陆续撤离。8日凌晨2时30分，供电部门开始逐渐恢复供电。3时23分，两条“大动脉”全部恢复送电。9分钟后，花都电网恢复正常运行方式。
这座城市重新恢复了正常。
半个花都陷入黑暗，生命之光却因此大放异彩
参与营救的许多人，直到日后才从报纸上获知了这个搅动了整座城市的女人的姓名。她叫廖固求，39岁，湖南安化人，是一个16岁男孩和3岁女孩的母亲。
有人质疑，一个女人“绑架”了一个城市，花费如此代价救她，到底值不值？
北京一家都市报则评论道：“‘花都停电救人’让生命更显尊严。”评论说：“不难想象，对广州这样一个经济发达、人口密集的城市而言，大面积停电意味着什么。然而，更要想到，停电造成的经济损失虽然巨大，也会给成千上万市民的生活带来不便，可面对危急关头的生命，这一切都可以放弃，‘公共利益’固有泰山之重，可有时它在面对个体生命危难时，便如鸿毛之轻。”
也有评论称：“半个花都陷入黑暗，生命之光却因此大放异彩。”
另一家媒体评论道：“每个人生命本身无贵贱之分，国家、地方……应该动用可以利用的一切资源抢救草根的生命。”
然而也有舆论质疑，这样充满危险的高压铁塔，为何没有足够的设施用于阻碍非专业人士的攀爬。与其不惜代价救人，不如平时作好防范。对此，花都供电局副局长莫文雄回应说，没有经过专业训练的正常人很难攀爬，而从技术角度上讲，要完全防范这种风险，目前不现实。
由她搅动起来的是是非非，廖固求本人并不知道。她在享受了政府的“人道主义关爱”之后，随即面临着法律的处罚。10月8日上午,她从医院被送往花山镇派出所。因为涉嫌扰乱公共秩序，根据《治安管理处罚法》，她被处以10天行政拘留。
在拘留所里，最初几天她情绪不稳，有时哭闹，有时用家乡话胡乱说着什么。
从她嘴里透露出的有限的信息是：来花都之前，她在湖南老家跟丈夫吵了一架。丈夫说她挣不了钱，她认为他不要她了。
她的一位老乡说，9月30日，她托人在平西村一家制衣厂找到一份工作。没有人知道，一个星期后，她究竟为什么会爬上高压铁塔，让这个城市因她而蒙受了估计以百万元计的损失。其中，仅电力部门损失的电量即达60万度。
“外地人来打工，也是花都的一分子，哪怕是过客，也是一样的。”花都区纪委书记钟国雄事后这样表示。
确实，对这个城市而言，廖固求只是一个过客。10月18日，她走出花都区拘留所，带着身上仅有的“家当”：人民币59元5角、一串黄色手链、一块手表，以及一把钥匙。
她的丈夫从湖南接到通知赶来，已经等在拘留所门外，要带她回家乡。这个瓦匠留着小胡子，穿一件廉价西装，笨拙而拘谨地掏出一包廉价香烟，递给拘留所的警官。他只是木讷地笑着说：“谢谢政府救了我的老婆。谢谢啊１
而他的老婆则坐在拘留所门口，紧闭双眼，简短地叫喊着“不要回去”或者“死了算了”。她被他半抱半推地弄上警车。警车一路送他们前往火车站。
对于被营救的这个女人，这座城市也许不会再有机会了解更多的信息，甚至都无法确切地搞清楚，她是否精神正常。但明确无误的事实是——她是一条生命。
而此刻，平西村也恢复了往日的宁静。只有那座铁塔下，还扔着消防队员的一副棉纱手套，以及廖固求掉下的一只白色旅游鞋。
转瞬间，警车、消防车、公务车甚至私家车，几十辆车浩浩荡荡向一个方向汇集。从村里、镇里、区里甚至几十公里以外的广州市相继赶来的人，很快在一个点上汇聚起几百人，在“国庆”长假的最后一天，搅动了广州市花都区花山镇的这座村庄。
紧张的人群不时很费力地仰起脖子往上看，因为他们视线聚焦的目标是如此之高：在村水泥道旁的一块玉米地里，在那座相当于16层楼房一般高的高压铁塔的顶端，在好几条22万伏的高压线路丛中，架着一个人。
在薄暮中，塔底的人群只能依稀辨认出，这是一个女人。她骑在绿色角钢搭成的铁塔顶端，仅凭几根交错的铁条支撑着身体的重量，摇摇欲坠。
现场几乎没人认识她。警方只能从围观村民七嘴八舌提供的信息中了解些许眉目：这是一个外地女人，看上去精神恍惚。10月7日下午，她先是跳进村里的一个鱼塘。鱼塘水很浅，只没到她的胸部。她爬出鱼塘，全身湿透，又在村里转了几圈，在17时30分前后,开始攀爬这座高压铁塔。
一名村干部刚好路过，赶紧喝令制止。但他越是叫喊，女人反而爬得越是起劲。据说，她只花了10多分钟，就爬到了铁塔顶端。她在铁塔两侧像手臂一样伸出的横担上来回移动，有几次，她还伸出手去够最顶端的架空地线。
没有人确切知道她为什么要这么做。人们推测，她想自杀。
“她是傻子吗？１围观的村民中有人发出这样的疑问。
“她死定了１有人嚷道。
塔底下的人们，“心时刻提到嗓子眼上”：每一分钟，她都可能从50米高空突然坠落，惨状万分地当场死在他们面前。
原本这个轻松而平静的长假即将结束，人们正准备着重新投入上班的日子。但那名村干部那天下午拨打的110报警电话，却无异于一条紧急动员令。为了这个素不相识的陌生女人，许多人从饭桌边被叫到现场参与营救，有些人正等着开饭，有些人则刚吃到一半。
铁塔上的女人也许没有料到，她自己已经打算放弃的生命，这个她初来乍到的陌生城市却并不打算放弃。在随后的几小时内，人们为此进行了某种意义上的全城大动员。
停电可不是拉一下闸那么简单
她只是在高耸的铁塔上呆着，有时动一动身体，换一换姿势，有时还向下张望几眼。没有人知道她心里在想什么。
警方在距铁塔约30米外拉起警戒线。不止一个警种出动。民警在现场维持秩序，疏散围观人群；交警在外围维护道路交通；甚至还调动了特警，因为消防队唯一的安全气垫在不久前的一次营救中被毁，他们送来一只橘红色的安全气垫，铺在塔底，以防塔顶的女人突然坠地。在通往现场的各个道路岔口，也布置了警力，使赶来参与营救的人们不致迷路。
塔顶的女人也许看到了6名身穿橘红色特勤服的消防队员的到来。18时过后，在微微的夜色中，他们开着庞大的消防车火速赶来，还紧急调来一架如巨人之臂般的消防云梯。
这天下午，广州市公安局消防支队第五大队花都中队的这些小伙子，原本刚刚帮助一户居民摘除了房屋外的马蜂窝。在回消防队的路上，他们接到了这个紧急出警电话。他们通常在发生火灾、水灾、交通事故，以及各类自杀时紧急出动，有时还会帮人们开门取钥匙。但这一次营救，是他们遇到的前所未有的新挑战。
消防云梯的垂直极限高度只有54米，而云梯车距离铁塔约20米，巨人之臂无法够到铁塔顶端。
“当时只能靠人工徒手攀爬去救人。”消防队员事后回忆说，“但我们从来没有上过这样高的铁塔。”事实上，他们此前徒手攀登最高只到达过20多米的高空。
更可怕的是铁塔上的高压导线，它们像一枚随时可能引爆的炸弹。22万伏高压导线的安全距离只有3米。如果铁塔上的女人沿着横担进一步逼近导线，或者她纵身跳下，或者失足跌下，所有这些过程中一旦与导线距离小于3米，便会触电，导线将因此短路，不仅能让她“瞬间炭化”，而且整个铁塔也将因此带电，危及爬上铁塔的救援人员的生命。
前来营救的人们最初试图用代价最小的方式化解危机——说服她自己爬下来。他们通过喇叭用粤语和普通话轮番朝高空喊话，让她用肢体做出示意。但她没有任何反应。
暮色渐渐笼罩大地，吞没了铁塔顶端那个浅色的人影。随着时间流逝，人们担心，她也许已经没有体力自己安全地爬下铁塔。
只有派人上去营救了。
那么就意味着必须停电。
来自消防队的意见：“如果不停电绝对不能上，我们要为战士的生命负责。”
然而停电对一座城市意味着什么？工厂的生产线将因此停止运转，医院将有可能不能再施行手术，居民区的电梯将无法升降，红绿灯会因此失灵，交通会发生混乱，路灯也将大片熄灭，如果正好有大规模的集会，还容易发生挤压踩踏……而广州市建在花都区的国际大型航空港白云机场，那些起落的飞机，也有可能受到波及。
停电，城市将为此承受损失。数十万人口将为此遭受影响。
“停电可不是拉一下闸那么简单。”花都区供电局运行部主任董选昌说。
以前，我们紧急处理的只是设备，但这一次是人
董选昌开车走错了两个路口后才找到这里。在他供职电力部门10余年的经历中，一旦输电线路出现问题，他和同事们总是第一时间赶去现常商家搞庆祝活动用的大气球或者大横幅挂上了输电线路，龙卷风刮起铁皮屋上的铁皮碰到了线路，运输船只不小心撞坏了线路等等各种意外，甚至线路底下农民们种的桉树长势过快，也都有可能导致电网的某一局部失灵。
而眼下，董选昌和同事们遇到了他们此前从未经历过的意外，“以前，我们紧急处理的只是设备，但这一次是人。”这让他们备感棘手。
看起来，在董选昌和他的同事负责运行维护的1400多个电线杆和电塔中，这个女人似乎只是随意爬上了其中的一座，但受到她威胁的，却是花都电网中的两条主干“大动脉”。
从云贵地区西电东送过来的电力，沿着中国南方电网50万伏的超高压线路，一路输送到这座铁塔约30公里外的换流站，在那里转成22万伏，“拐”进这两条高压线路，再输送进花都区。而整个花都区近1000平方公里辖区所用的绝大部分电力，总共由3条这样的输电线路供给。
这意味着，为了救这个女人，需要切断花都区3条“大动脉”中的两条，也意味着，将停止花都区一半以上的电力供应。
至少半个花都将陷入黑暗。
而仅剩的一条“大动脉”，是修建于上世纪80年代的老旧线路，它从200多公里外的韶关一路穿山越水而来，没有人能保证，它在长途的跋山涉水中不会因为突然的风雨或雷击或人为施工破坏等各种不测而跳闸。
那么，最坏的打算是，整个花都将陷入黑暗。
“我们供电部门承担很大的压力，政府也承担着很大的风险。”花都区供电局副局长莫文雄说，“停与不停，必须由政府来决定。”
毕竟人命关天，哪有见死不救的道理？更何况我们是一级政府
21时30分前后，不停电的情况下能采取的所有营救措施均宣告无效。女人还悬在50米的高空。很长一段时间，她斜躺在铁架上。也许她干脆在黑暗中闭起了眼睛，也许她能眺望到这个城市灿烂的灯火，或者，她也许还会俯视那些像蚂蚁一样匆匆汇聚到她脚下的人群。
人群一直在紧急动员中。
120救护人员早已在现场待命。消防队员早已在现场待命。供电部门的抢修队伍早已在现场待命。
区供电局的领导到了。市供电局应急办公室的领导到了。花山镇镇政府能出动的干部都出动了。区政府应急办公室主任赶来了。一位副区长赶来了。3位区委常委赶来了。3位常委中，有当天负责值班的区委纪委书记，有区委办公室主任，甚至还有区武装部长。“谁知道呢，当时现场说不准就有可能需要调动部队来帮忙。”区政府应急办公室主任杨志强事后说。
现场组成了临时指挥部。在一条排水沟附近的农田里，摆上几张折叠椅，就是指挥部所在地。指挥部把一家当地电视台记者的摄像机“征用”了，充当望远镜来监测塔顶的营救对象。
消防车上的探照灯照亮了现常人们不敢将灯柱对准他们的监测和营救目标，怕强光给她造成某种意想不到的刺激，只是偶尔将光柱移上去晃一下，看一看她在铁塔上的动向。
指挥部在紧急磋商。他们在来来回回的电话中与不在现场的相关人员磋商。他们向上级机构层层汇报。
莫文雄的手机打爆了。这位副局长不得不把一位下属的手机电池给“征用”了。
因为这两条“大动脉”不仅主供花都地区用电，还是连接韶关和广州的省内电力大通道，这样的主干线路停电，“需要大动作”，花都区调度没有决策权，广州市地区调度“也说了不算”，调度权在广东省调度中心。
停与不停，三级供电部门经过紧急论证，已经做好两手准备，备好应急预案。“我们有责任把可能面临的风险、预计造成的影响和我们的应对措施一一提交给区政府，供他们决策。”莫文雄事后说。
最后的拍板在花都区区委区政府。
有关领导重点询问：“白云机场供电能不能保证？”
供电部门答复：可以保证。
区纪委书记钟国雄事后表示，当时的权衡中，只要能保住这座国际航空港，其它的损失是可以承受的。
“毕竟人命关天，哪有见死不救的道理？更何况我们是一级政府。”
来自不同渠道的消息显示，当时“从上到下一致同意停电救人”，“停电还是不停电，没有争论”。花都区委书记潘潇和代区长林中坚也发来指示：“救人要紧。”
当晚22时10分左右，董选昌在一旁听到副区长戴新爵用粤语大声说：“我们以人为本，停电救人吧。”
听到政府官员这样的表态，他感到有些“吃惊”，“心里挺感动的”。
她脚下这个城市的灯火一片一片地为她而熄灭
然而停电确实“并不是拉一下闸那么简单”，更多的人将被动员起来。
为了尽量减少损失，花都区供电局工作人员紧急就位，开始逐一致电辖区内重要用户。数千条短信同时发出：“为了救人，需要紧急停电处理……请全区工业用户准备。”
中国移动花都分公司接到求助电话：需要向广大市民短信通知停电消息，不致引起市民恐慌。
总经理钟伟雄带着几名技术骨干赶来与区政府信息中心汇合，紧急搜集齐所有花都区移动用户资料，导入区政府的“政务信息机”。他们商定，这些短信将不用移动10086端口发出，而使用政府的发送端口，因为“如果民众看到是政府的端口，会比较放心”。
这个建于两年前的平台，此前只对党政机关工作人员发布信息。这一次，这台原本用于办公的设备第一次用于大规模发布，向公众亮相。
“因紧急抢险需要……我区部分区域停电，不便之处，敬请谅解。”近100万个移动用户，包括这位花都分公司老总在内，当晚收到了区政府发送端口发来的停电通知。
花都电视台滚动播出停电通知。通知预告了最坏的可能，“花都电网仅剩一条220千伏线路供电，若此线路再受不可抗力影响而跳闸，花都地区将全部停电。”
“这其实是要让全体花都区市民都要为停电救人做好准备。”区供电局副局长莫文雄解释。
区供电局向省调度中心申请紧急停电。
从22时30分左右起，从低压到高压，输电线路开始依次逐级切断：220伏（380伏）——1万伏——11万伏——22万伏。
为了让这两条从铁塔上女人身旁经过的“大动脉”停下来，花都电网无数条“小血管”和难以计数的“毛细血管”先后被切断。整个花都电网共41万千瓦负荷，在半个小时内切掉23万千瓦。
大约半个花都的行政区域内，路灯大片大片地熄灭，交通信号灯失灵，城市的霓虹瞬间消失。就在距离这个命悬一线的女人三四公里外的花山镇，一家通宵营业的网吧里，七八十个客人面前的电脑同时黑屏。因为老板将手机落在车里，没有及时看到停电通知。这家网吧的突然停电导致4块主板和3块硬盘损坏，而当晚营业额损失上千元。
几家美容美发店提前结束营业。“24小时营业大旅店”的灯箱广告熄灭了。人们点起了蜡烛。
居民小区里，一位姓唐的女老师早早睡下，却因为电风扇突然罢工，在夜里11时过后被热醒了。她困得双眼睁不开，却不得不给她3岁的女儿扇扇子，扇子一停，小女儿就开始哭闹。她听到有人热得睡不着，到黑了灯的街道上去散步乘凉。
“总之是麻烦死了。”水果摊老板老刘抱怨说。当晚他至少少做了一半生意，整个市场黑乎乎的，想吃宵夜也没处吃，回家睡觉又没有空调，“热得要命”。不过，“反正救人嘛，无所谓啦。”他咧开嘴笑。
在这个大小工厂密集的地区，像老刘这样的水果摊主、卖茶蛋和煮玉米的小贩、烧烤档老板和各色小摊主都等着那些夜里两三点下班的工人们前来光顾，但这个晚上，他们大多不得不在一片黑暗里提前收摊。
大大小小的工厂主也在蒙受损失。新华街一家五金机械加工厂原本要组织大约20个工人加班赶货，据称当晚因为停电，少生产3吨产品。不过在这家老板看来，政府这次行动“很人性化”，完全可以谅解。
一家箱包生产企业，几条原本24小时运转的生产线不得不停下来。“没办法，”它的老板有些无奈地说，“毕竟是救一个人嘛，又不是救一条牛。”
当半个花都陷入黑暗时，只有白云机尝居民密集的中心城区、大商尝大型的生产企业如东风日产、党政机关、驻军部队、电台、电视台以及医院等等，依旧维持着供电。
一家22层高的大酒店启用了自备发电机，在一片黑暗的包围中，依然闪着霓虹。
没有人知道，这天夜里，这个女人在50米的高塔上，是否看到她脚下这个城市的灯火一片一片地为她而熄灭。
稍微出现失误和疏忽，有可能造成大面积的全区域的停电
她依旧骑在铁塔的顶端。当探照灯柱晃上去时，塔底的人们看到一个白色的影子。这期间，她脚上的一只鞋掉了下来。
现场之外，为了实现这次停电，供电部门的区调、地调和省调正通力合作。作为中国南方电网广东电网公司的一个下属单位，仅靠花都区供电局的力量，根本无法让这两条“大动脉”停下来。
甚至周边的区域电网也必须为此调整运行方式。这意味着，不仅整个花都电网为此面临风险，周边区域的电网也将为此承担一定风险。韶关、英德和佛山的调度中心也紧急加入合作。
“各级调度必须密切配合，如果在应急过程中稍微出现失误和疏忽，有可能造成大面积的全区域的停电，而且一时难以恢复。”莫文雄说。
在不同城市的不同调度室里，人们按照应急预案里的程序一步步进行操作。
这套程序从22时30分前后开始，在大约花费了一个多小时后，终于由省调度中心统一调度，在这两条线路分别位于白云区和花都区的两侧变电站里，工作人员紧急到位，两边一起配合操作，先将这两条线路的断路器切开，再将两侧的隔离刀闸拉开。最后，在一系列现场操作完成之后，将线路两侧接地，把余电导入大地。
至此，两条“大动脉”终于真正停了下来。
这时，已经是深夜23时50分。
女人拒绝了他们递过来的葡萄糖水，但没有拒绝安全带
现场之内，23时58分，营救人员整装受命营救。由花都区供电局送电班32岁的工人王成作向导，消防队20岁出头的义务兵吕文波和士官谢展强，背上15公斤重的缓降器、一条100米长的安全绳、一只备用头盔和一部对讲机，开始徒手向塔顶攀登。
在已经营救过五六十人之后，这是两位消防员第一次在这样的高空救人。攀登的过程没有保护，他们“心里有些紧张”，互相提醒脚下有没有踩实。最初他们还戴着棉纱手套，但抓起角铁来很滑，没有手感。
塔上风很大，他们感到塔身在旷野里轻轻摇动。“幸好是晚上。”谢展强后来庆幸说，否则心里容易害怕。
塔底的人们“心都悬了起来”。
借着探照灯的余光，他们小心翼翼爬了上去，途中没有黑暗。在距离女人10米处，他们停下来。女人正斜躺着，用大腿夹住铁架，显得很无力。无论他们怎样问话，女人始终不说一句话，只是点头或摇头。
他们问她饿不饿，女人摇头。问她困不困，她点头。“那我们带你回去休息。”消防队员这样安抚她。
当他们到达塔顶，女人拒绝了他们递过来的葡萄糖水，但没有拒绝安全带。
8日0时30分左右，当这个女人在铁塔上呆了大约7个小时后，塔底的人们从对讲机里听到报告说已经给她系上安全带，几乎全都松了一口气，“救人总算基本成功，心里终于踏实了。”区纪委书记钟国雄事后说。
直到这个女人靠着缓降器缓缓降到地面时，人们这才看清他们为之紧急动员的营救目标。她穿一件白色带蓝条的短袖T恤，一条深色牛仔裤，扎着一只麻雀尾式的辫子，浑身泥污。她依旧不说一句话。救护人员迅速把她抬上担架，送进了医院。
当最后一名消防队员双脚踩到地面时，区领导带头鼓掌，塔下响起了热烈的掌声。
现场人员陆续撤离。8日凌晨2时30分，供电部门开始逐渐恢复供电。3时23分，两条“大动脉”全部恢复送电。9分钟后，花都电网恢复正常运行方式。
这座城市重新恢复了正常。
半个花都陷入黑暗，生命之光却因此大放异彩
参与营救的许多人，直到日后才从报纸上获知了这个搅动了整座城市的女人的姓名。她叫廖固求，39岁，湖南安化人，是一个16岁男孩和3岁女孩的母亲。
有人质疑，一个女人“绑架”了一个城市，花费如此代价救她，到底值不值？
北京一家都市报则评论道：“‘花都停电救人’让生命更显尊严。”评论说：“不难想象，对广州这样一个经济发达、人口密集的城市而言，大面积停电意味着什么。然而，更要想到，停电造成的经济损失虽然巨大，也会给成千上万市民的生活带来不便，可面对危急关头的生命，这一切都可以放弃，‘公共利益’固有泰山之重，可有时它在面对个体生命危难时，便如鸿毛之轻。”
也有评论称：“半个花都陷入黑暗，生命之光却因此大放异彩。”
另一家媒体评论道：“每个人生命本身无贵贱之分，国家、地方……应该动用可以利用的一切资源抢救草根的生命。”
然而也有舆论质疑，这样充满危险的高压铁塔，为何没有足够的设施用于阻碍非专业人士的攀爬。与其不惜代价救人，不如平时作好防范。对此，花都供电局副局长莫文雄回应说，没有经过专业训练的正常人很难攀爬，而从技术角度上讲，要完全防范这种风险，目前不现实。
由她搅动起来的是是非非，廖固求本人并不知道。她在享受了政府的“人道主义关爱”之后，随即面临着法律的处罚。10月8日上午,她从医院被送往花山镇派出所。因为涉嫌扰乱公共秩序，根据《治安管理处罚法》，她被处以10天行政拘留。
在拘留所里，最初几天她情绪不稳，有时哭闹，有时用家乡话胡乱说着什么。
从她嘴里透露出的有限的信息是：来花都之前，她在湖南老家跟丈夫吵了一架。丈夫说她挣不了钱，她认为他不要她了。
她的一位老乡说，9月30日，她托人在平西村一家制衣厂找到一份工作。没有人知道，一个星期后，她究竟为什么会爬上高压铁塔，让这个城市因她而蒙受了估计以百万元计的损失。其中，仅电力部门损失的电量即达60万度。
“外地人来打工，也是花都的一分子，哪怕是过客，也是一样的。”花都区纪委书记钟国雄事后这样表示。
确实，对这个城市而言，廖固求只是一个过客。10月18日，她走出花都区拘留所，带着身上仅有的“家当”：人民币59元5角、一串黄色手链、一块手表，以及一把钥匙。
她的丈夫从湖南接到通知赶来，已经等在拘留所门外，要带她回家乡。这个瓦匠留着小胡子，穿一件廉价西装，笨拙而拘谨地掏出一包廉价香烟，递给拘留所的警官。他只是木讷地笑着说：“谢谢政府救了我的老婆。谢谢啊１
而他的老婆则坐在拘留所门口，紧闭双眼，简短地叫喊着“不要回去”或者“死了算了”。她被他半抱半推地弄上警车。警车一路送他们前往火车站。
对于被营救的这个女人，这座城市也许不会再有机会了解更多的信息，甚至都无法确切地搞清楚，她是否精神正常。但明确无误的事实是——她是一条生命。
而此刻，平西村也恢复了往日的宁静。只有那座铁塔下，还扔着消防队员的一副棉纱手套，以及廖固求掉下的一只白色旅游鞋。
中国的一些让人沉痛的世界排名
1：中国医疗公平性全球倒数第四
2000年，世界卫生组织在对成员国卫生筹资与分配公平性的评估排序中，中国位居第188位，在191个成员国中排倒数第4位。有数据还显示，每年有接近50％的人应该到门诊看病、30％的人应该住院，但他们却因各种原因得不到救治。
2：从支付能力看中国现阶段大学学费是世界最高
让我们看看目前的高等教育收费及其他各项开支在世界上到底处于什么水平上。2005年5月9日上海《文汇报》消息：香港《文汇报》援引英国《观察家报》的报道称，独立组织“教育政策研究所”5月8日公布“全球高等教育排行榜”，日本成为学费开支最昂贵的国家，新西兰排名第2，英国则排行第3。“教育政策研究所”比较了16个国家的高等教育开支，结果显示日本的开支最贵，学生平均一年的教育支出为8930英镑(其中包含五六千美元的学费———作者注)，而且没有学费减免。其次是新西兰。英国的学生平均一年支出为6763英镑，这个数字包括学费和生活开支，而且扣除学费减免，这是由于当地学费减免少、生活指数高，而且大部分学生居住在全球生活指数最昂贵的伦敦。
从绝对数字上看，日本的学费可能的确是世界最高，教育总支出8930英镑每人每年，包括学费和生活开支。按1英镑相当于人民币12.34元的汇率计算，一年费用为每人11万元。但是，比较绝对数字是没有任何意义的，我们要充分考虑的是相对购买力。旅美学者薛涌在2005年6月1日的《东方早报》写道：以人均GDP算，中国仅在1000美元上下，美国则为3.6万美元，日本也超过3.1万美元，分别是我们的36和31倍。考虑到日本的人均GDP是我们的31倍，那么从支付比例看，其支付11万元仅相当于我国居民支付3550元！而我国现阶段大学费用支出，包含学费、住宿费等所有开支平均每年在1万元以上，有的光学费每年就超过1万元。
也就是说，从支付能力看，中国现阶段大学支出是世界最高的3倍以上！颇有点前不见古人、后不见来者的“独步天下”气象。还应该考虑到，从人均数万美元收入里支付11万元人民币跟从人均不到1000美元里支付3550元，是个完全不同的概念，前者绰绰有余，后者可能连养命钱都不保。更何况我们现在8亿农民每年人均年纯收入远不到3000元。
2000年，世界卫生组织在对成员国卫生筹资与分配公平性的评估排序中，中国位居第188位，在191个成员国中排倒数第4位。有数据还显示，每年有接近50％的人应该到门诊看病、30％的人应该住院，但他们却因各种原因得不到救治。
2：从支付能力看中国现阶段大学学费是世界最高
让我们看看目前的高等教育收费及其他各项开支在世界上到底处于什么水平上。2005年5月9日上海《文汇报》消息：香港《文汇报》援引英国《观察家报》的报道称，独立组织“教育政策研究所”5月8日公布“全球高等教育排行榜”，日本成为学费开支最昂贵的国家，新西兰排名第2，英国则排行第3。“教育政策研究所”比较了16个国家的高等教育开支，结果显示日本的开支最贵，学生平均一年的教育支出为8930英镑(其中包含五六千美元的学费———作者注)，而且没有学费减免。其次是新西兰。英国的学生平均一年支出为6763英镑，这个数字包括学费和生活开支，而且扣除学费减免，这是由于当地学费减免少、生活指数高，而且大部分学生居住在全球生活指数最昂贵的伦敦。
从绝对数字上看，日本的学费可能的确是世界最高，教育总支出8930英镑每人每年，包括学费和生活开支。按1英镑相当于人民币12.34元的汇率计算，一年费用为每人11万元。但是，比较绝对数字是没有任何意义的，我们要充分考虑的是相对购买力。旅美学者薛涌在2005年6月1日的《东方早报》写道：以人均GDP算，中国仅在1000美元上下，美国则为3.6万美元，日本也超过3.1万美元，分别是我们的36和31倍。考虑到日本的人均GDP是我们的31倍，那么从支付比例看，其支付11万元仅相当于我国居民支付3550元！而我国现阶段大学费用支出，包含学费、住宿费等所有开支平均每年在1万元以上，有的光学费每年就超过1万元。
也就是说，从支付能力看，中国现阶段大学支出是世界最高的3倍以上！颇有点前不见古人、后不见来者的“独步天下”气象。还应该考虑到，从人均数万美元收入里支付11万元人民币跟从人均不到1000美元里支付3550元，是个完全不同的概念，前者绰绰有余，后者可能连养命钱都不保。更何况我们现在8亿农民每年人均年纯收入远不到3000元。
找到你“值得拥有”的指数基金
“买什么基金好啊？”从年初到现在，“菜鸟小白系列”的编辑在任何场合都会被问到这句话——从电梯间到厕所、从商务聚会到亲友饭局，怎么能在一分钟之内完美地回答这个问题并免受“一旦亏损”的迁怒责备呢？编辑的杀手锏是：买点指数基金吧！
理由很简单，确认这是牛市，就买代表市场的基金——指数基金。另一点出于私心的考虑是，即使市场下跌，指数基金也不可能表现的更差。
那么，怎么找到你值得拥有的那一只指数基金呢？《钱经》特邀了一位基金分析师与大家分享。
最劲的基金在哪里？
不要不相信，今年以来表现非常强劲的基金都收于下表，我们不妨称下面这张表为“指数基金夏令营”。抛开其他的分类方式，我们可以把基金分成两种，指数基金与非指数基金。
理由很简单，确认这是牛市，就买代表市场的基金——指数基金。另一点出于私心的考虑是，即使市场下跌，指数基金也不可能表现的更差。
那么，怎么找到你值得拥有的那一只指数基金呢？《钱经》特邀了一位基金分析师与大家分享。
最劲的基金在哪里？
不要不相信，今年以来表现非常强劲的基金都收于下表，我们不妨称下面这张表为“指数基金夏令营”。抛开其他的分类方式，我们可以把基金分成两种，指数基金与非指数基金。
十七大引发的中国股市8大猜想
党的十七大胜利闭幕了。十七大报告为我们描绘了在新的时代条件下继续全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的宏伟蓝图。其中，许多经济方面的新提法让人耳目一新：“转变经济增长方式”变为“转变经济发展方式”，首次提出“创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入”等等。而“翻两番”目标由“总量”变为“人均”更是让每个人都欢欣鼓舞。报告提出：“在优化结构、提高效益、降低消耗、保护环境的基础上，实现人均国内生产总值到2020年比2000年翻两番。”这一目标对我国经济社会发展和全面建设小康社会提出了新的更高要求。这是人均GDP到2020年翻两番目标首次在党代会报告中出现。
国家统计局数据显示，2000年中国人均GDP为7078元，按当年汇率折算约为856美元。如果2020实现翻两番，那么到时候人均GDP应该达到3500美元左右。
毋庸置疑，中国经济发展方式将发生新的转变。过去我们一直倡导转变经济“增长”方式，而在十七大报告中，代之以转变经济“发展”方式，一词之差，含义深刻。经济增长主要是着重于总量，更强调了经济本身；而十七大报告中新的表述，更注重经济与其他事业的协调性，更突出了“好”字。
时光荏苒，2020年就在眼前。到那一天，我们老百姓的收入情况会怎么样？人民币可以自由兑换了吗？中国股市是不是吸引了全球的目光？金融“三驾马车”风驰电掣，将攀上怎样的高峰呢？这一切都让人浮想联翩。
我们今天在这里憧憬和猜想，因为我们相信，明天会更好！
猜想一：沪深市值：60万亿-80万亿元
“创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。”上海一家证券大厅里，老股民刘老伯告诉记者，他对党的十七大报告中首次提到的这句话非常关注。“我上世纪90年代初就进入股市了，但在2000年以前赚的钱，还不如这两年赚到的零头。去年，我从股市获得的财产性收入已经翻了两番。”说到这里，刘老伯禁不住喜形于色。
随着经济的快速发展，普通老百姓积累起越来越多的个人财富。相关数据显示，当前居民储蓄已经达到了17万亿元左右。而随着股市等金融市场的繁荣，百姓投资理财热情高涨，截至今年10月初，沪深两市投资者开户数超过1.2亿户；基金资产净值总计已超过3万亿元，基金投资账户数超过了9000万个。
在这种大背景下，党的十七大报告中提出“创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入”。这意味着，国家鼓励老百姓除了薪酬收入，还可通过储蓄、国债、基金、投资股市等合法方式来创造财富，给“股民”“基民”们吃了一颗定心丸。
按照国家统计局专家的解释，“财产性收入”是指家庭拥有的动产(如银行存款、有价证券等)、不动产(如房屋、车辆、土地、收藏品等)所获得的收入。它包括出让财产使用权所获得的利息、租金、专利收入等；财产营运所获得的红利收入、财产增值收益等。这涉及到各种投资，比如实业投资、金融产品投资，涵盖储蓄、债券、保险和股票等。整句话核心的实质就是“让老百姓的财富保值增值，让老百姓拥有更多的财富”。
张筱雨同汤芳的比较
张筱雨同汤芳的比较
网友金宇智在我帖子上留言，说见我写汤芳好几次了，什么时候也去写写张筱雨，说张筱雨比汤芳清纯多了。
我写汤芳不多，提到汤芳到是有好几次。写汤芳是看到阴阳双档小撩骚舞女木木（她的博客是男女两人在写的）在提她才去看的。一般来说知名写手提到的人和事看一下总不会一点没收获的。说真的要不是网友金宇智告诉我，我还真不知道有张筱雨这个人。
今天去搜了一下张筱雨的照片，百度里有173张，谷歌根本没把她当回事，根本就没张筱雨什么照片。可见没有名人吹捧的女孩想冒头出名还是挺难的。汤芳在谷歌里有369张照片，在百度里有5200张照片，俩位小姐的名气谁大一比较就出来了。
从俩人的脸型比较，都没有什么大的缺点。
从俩人的眼神看，汤芳的眼神要比张筱雨的钩人多了。女人的眼神很重要，是对外宣传的窗口，外人能从她们的眼神里读出一写东西来。张筱雨的眼神混浊、迷惘，裤子都脱了，下身也让世人看了，但前途和钱途都不太明确，她可能自己也知道这一点。总之汤芳的眼神要比张筱雨更老练更世故。
从俩人的上身比较，汤芳略胜一筹，张筱雨的上身稍长了一点，这在总体上看是失分的。
从俩人的大胸比较看，还是汤芳的大而挺。张筱雨在这上面吃亏，可能是年令问题，再大几岁或许会丰满一些。女人的胸大自信心就足一些。张筱雨的胸不大，她应当是知道的，所以她的眼神里除了缺少老练、世故，她还缺少最重要的自信。
从俩人的胳膊看，汤芳的太细，不好看。
从俩人的腿来看，汤芳的腿也不好看，也是细了一点。张筱雨的腿不难看也不短，但因上身一长，腿就显不出美来了。
从俩人的臀来看，汤芳的臀提的高而紧，张筱雨的臀不如汤芳的臀好看。
各个年岭档的人看女人，眼光是大不一样的。以我这种过了恋爱期年龄档的人来说，女人的身、腿、胸的好坏都不是我太注意的事，我只关注她们的眼睛，关注那双眼睛里透出的各种信息，看看她们想告诉人们什么事。你象过气老星刘晓庆奶奶的眼神里全是无知。一个坐牢多时的人还要去当评委多么无知啊。过气老星网渣徐静蕾徐大娘，她的眼神里全是自我感觉太好。
年轻时爱看女人的身、腿、胸，现在想来很为自己当初的无知感到可笑，人家又不和你上床，老去看她的身、腿、胸，干吗？
网友金宇智在我帖子上留言，说见我写汤芳好几次了，什么时候也去写写张筱雨，说张筱雨比汤芳清纯多了。
我写汤芳不多，提到汤芳到是有好几次。写汤芳是看到阴阳双档小撩骚舞女木木（她的博客是男女两人在写的）在提她才去看的。一般来说知名写手提到的人和事看一下总不会一点没收获的。说真的要不是网友金宇智告诉我，我还真不知道有张筱雨这个人。
今天去搜了一下张筱雨的照片，百度里有173张，谷歌根本没把她当回事，根本就没张筱雨什么照片。可见没有名人吹捧的女孩想冒头出名还是挺难的。汤芳在谷歌里有369张照片，在百度里有5200张照片，俩位小姐的名气谁大一比较就出来了。
从俩人的脸型比较，都没有什么大的缺点。
从俩人的眼神看，汤芳的眼神要比张筱雨的钩人多了。女人的眼神很重要，是对外宣传的窗口，外人能从她们的眼神里读出一写东西来。张筱雨的眼神混浊、迷惘，裤子都脱了，下身也让世人看了，但前途和钱途都不太明确，她可能自己也知道这一点。总之汤芳的眼神要比张筱雨更老练更世故。
从俩人的上身比较，汤芳略胜一筹，张筱雨的上身稍长了一点，这在总体上看是失分的。
从俩人的大胸比较看，还是汤芳的大而挺。张筱雨在这上面吃亏，可能是年令问题，再大几岁或许会丰满一些。女人的胸大自信心就足一些。张筱雨的胸不大，她应当是知道的，所以她的眼神里除了缺少老练、世故，她还缺少最重要的自信。
从俩人的胳膊看，汤芳的太细，不好看。
从俩人的腿来看，汤芳的腿也不好看，也是细了一点。张筱雨的腿不难看也不短，但因上身一长，腿就显不出美来了。
从俩人的臀来看，汤芳的臀提的高而紧，张筱雨的臀不如汤芳的臀好看。
各个年岭档的人看女人，眼光是大不一样的。以我这种过了恋爱期年龄档的人来说，女人的身、腿、胸的好坏都不是我太注意的事，我只关注她们的眼睛，关注那双眼睛里透出的各种信息，看看她们想告诉人们什么事。你象过气老星刘晓庆奶奶的眼神里全是无知。一个坐牢多时的人还要去当评委多么无知啊。过气老星网渣徐静蕾徐大娘，她的眼神里全是自我感觉太好。
年轻时爱看女人的身、腿、胸，现在想来很为自己当初的无知感到可笑，人家又不和你上床，老去看她的身、腿、胸，干吗？
2007年10月26日星期五
对于张筱雨的看法
因为 张筱雨 的大胆出镜，我知道了中国有个搞摄影的叫范学辉。
说实话第一次看到张筱雨的图片流传在网上有些吃惊，其实只是由于相片拍的过于清晰和过于唯美。就像张筱雨本人自己讲的那样暂且不去追究是谁第一次把照片公布于众，因为造成的不论后果还是影响都很难再去控制。
张筱雨是年轻的，她的年轻不只在于美丽而更在于美丽之上的大方，同时又给人一些无私的感觉。无私的把自己的青春分享给每一个爱好者。有人说她是中国最有前途的人体模特，我觉得她还没有火到汤加丽王丹的那种水平。不过她比她们多一份年轻。
对于这样一个美丽的精灵种种龌龊想法的产生自然是不需要理由的，很多成人论坛批量共享着她的套图，很多网友更是把她当作意淫的对象。或许只是因为人们太饥渴了或者人们饥渴的已经太久了。
中国人体模特相对较少的，漂亮又年轻的自然是更少的。看惯了A片的男人们很少会对某位女优讨论不休，可是这样的男人们却对贯之以“国产”俩字的A片别有兴趣，不是因为‘演员’漂亮只是因为国产俩字太诱人了。对于草根阶层来讲，这片土地还是相对保守而且太过保守了。
当保守有了偶尔的一次开放，这个美丽名字想不出名都难。其实，她只是一个普通的女孩儿，碰巧生在中国罢了。
说实话第一次看到张筱雨的图片流传在网上有些吃惊，其实只是由于相片拍的过于清晰和过于唯美。就像张筱雨本人自己讲的那样暂且不去追究是谁第一次把照片公布于众，因为造成的不论后果还是影响都很难再去控制。
张筱雨是年轻的，她的年轻不只在于美丽而更在于美丽之上的大方，同时又给人一些无私的感觉。无私的把自己的青春分享给每一个爱好者。有人说她是中国最有前途的人体模特，我觉得她还没有火到汤加丽王丹的那种水平。不过她比她们多一份年轻。
对于这样一个美丽的精灵种种龌龊想法的产生自然是不需要理由的，很多成人论坛批量共享着她的套图，很多网友更是把她当作意淫的对象。或许只是因为人们太饥渴了或者人们饥渴的已经太久了。
中国人体模特相对较少的，漂亮又年轻的自然是更少的。看惯了A片的男人们很少会对某位女优讨论不休，可是这样的男人们却对贯之以“国产”俩字的A片别有兴趣，不是因为‘演员’漂亮只是因为国产俩字太诱人了。对于草根阶层来讲，这片土地还是相对保守而且太过保守了。
当保守有了偶尔的一次开放，这个美丽名字想不出名都难。其实，她只是一个普通的女孩儿，碰巧生在中国罢了。
张筱雨的采访记录
采访的第一个问题是“你今年多大？”本以为她会介意这样的问题，但她很高兴地回答了。“1988年出生，你应该叫我姐姐。”然后很高兴地笑了，笑容那么美丽、那么顽皮、那么亲近。张筱雨是个美丽的女孩，甚至比她的照片漂亮很多，这就是她给我的第一印象。
快报：你选择姿势的时候有没有一些回避呢？我的意思是说很少有人能够完全正面地拍摄人体照片？你挑战这种极限，肯定要先突破自己的心理极限？
张筱雨：我是选择一种适应的角度和光线等等，做一些比较适合的舞蹈动作，其他没有什么过多的考虑。
快报：拍摄可能和出书是两码事儿，照片可以做自己欣赏之用，但把这些公诸于众，真的需要很大的勇气？
张筱雨：没错，拍摄时下了很大的勇气
张筱雨：可以这么讲，一切都是造化弄人。回头一想，如果不是因为这个那个等等细微因素，根本就走不到今天这一步。
快报：有勇气出书，但书出来以后，你却在媒体面前消失了，为什么没有勇气面对大众呢？
张筱雨：应该说沉寂了两年，但有个时间顺序。出书以后，我跑到老家，我很害怕，因为这毕竟是一本人体的书，肯定会遭到一些流言蜚语，所以躲了两个月，后来觉得没什么大反应，我还很高兴，就回到北京工作。谁想后来发生了这样的事情，事情爆发以后，我就开始沉寂了。
快报：沉寂的时间都做些什么？整天以泪洗面吗？
张筱雨：(笑着说)发傻！差不多是以泪洗面的，不过也不能整天，因为人的眼泪毕竟有干的时候。那时候，情绪波动特别大，听到一些溢美之词时很高兴，感 觉在天上；听到一些流言蜚语时，很痛苦，感觉在地狱。基本上拒绝和外界接触，把眼睛蒙上过日子，时间大概持续了一年半的时候，后来决定出第二本书，我才逐 渐地放松。
快报：那种精神状态下，你又出了第二本书？
张筱雨：是啊，有时候，人的逆反心理很强，越是在谷底的时候，求生的心理就会越强。当时很多人说，这是色情不是艺术，我特苦恼。一个人说，张筱雨你做 的是很不光彩的工作，我可以不在乎，而后一百、甚至一千、一万人都这么说，我就开始怀疑自己是不是真的做错了，这样，情绪就越来越差。后来，人美社的领导 安慰我，做我的思想工作，他们说如果这不是艺术我们为什么要出这本书呢？我们这样做不是毁张筱雨，而是砸我们的牌子。慢慢地我想通了，觉得自己没有做错。 人美社问我，有没有勇气拍第二本？我脱口而出说有，现在想想，这是从心底发出来的声音。所以至今，我都感谢那段时间对自己、对社会、对艺术的思考，我觉得 这种思考很宝贵。
快报：写真集在我看来给你带来了很多麻烦，官司缠身，可你又选择了上第二次法庭？
张筱雨：没有办法。法律规定，如果两年之内你放弃起诉的话，你就永远放弃了追诉的权利。原本我是一个大事化小，小事化了的人，但很多朋友说如果放弃， 我就要背一辈子的黑锅，所以我才站出来(状告张旭龙)。其实，(这两次官司)让我很伤心。开始的时候，摄影师要求赔偿21万，但我觉得写真集也是我劳动的 成果，后来法院最终判决支付10万元，我尊重了法院的判决，但我说目前没有这么多现金，只能先拿出4万，看在往日良好的合作情分上，剩下的在一个月之内凑 齐了再给，可这样的请求也遭到了拒绝，对方竟要求法院立即对我进行强制执行，比如封我的工资、封我的车，太让我没有想到了，这对我的刺激很大。我觉得做人 应该厚道一点儿，我是以真诚的心对待别人的，一直息事宁人、忍气吞声地保持沉默，可是没有想到……
而且，我完全没有侵权，只是作品的完整性有出入，这也是照片编辑的需要。现在，还有很多人说张筱雨侵权，我觉得挺无聊的，我觉得要开始保护自己了。所 以当自己的权益被一而再，再而三地遭到侵犯之后，当一忍再忍、实在无路可退、被逼进死胡同之后，当我牙被打掉和血吞进肚里也不愿将任何人拉下神坛的努力失 败之后，在朋友的支持和激励下，我不得不小心翼翼、战战兢兢地拿起法律的武器来维护自己的权益。不过，通过这件事，让我结交了很多朋友，也使很多人在共事 的过程中慢慢地了解我，以前他们都说我张筱雨是问题青年，是精神障碍，不过现在他们都理解了我。(很开心地笑了)
快报：你选择姿势的时候有没有一些回避呢？我的意思是说很少有人能够完全正面地拍摄人体照片？你挑战这种极限，肯定要先突破自己的心理极限？
张筱雨：我是选择一种适应的角度和光线等等，做一些比较适合的舞蹈动作，其他没有什么过多的考虑。
快报：拍摄可能和出书是两码事儿，照片可以做自己欣赏之用，但把这些公诸于众，真的需要很大的勇气？
张筱雨：没错，拍摄时下了很大的勇气
张筱雨：可以这么讲，一切都是造化弄人。回头一想，如果不是因为这个那个等等细微因素，根本就走不到今天这一步。
快报：有勇气出书，但书出来以后，你却在媒体面前消失了，为什么没有勇气面对大众呢？
张筱雨：应该说沉寂了两年，但有个时间顺序。出书以后，我跑到老家，我很害怕，因为这毕竟是一本人体的书，肯定会遭到一些流言蜚语，所以躲了两个月，后来觉得没什么大反应，我还很高兴，就回到北京工作。谁想后来发生了这样的事情，事情爆发以后，我就开始沉寂了。
快报：沉寂的时间都做些什么？整天以泪洗面吗？
张筱雨：(笑着说)发傻！差不多是以泪洗面的，不过也不能整天，因为人的眼泪毕竟有干的时候。那时候，情绪波动特别大，听到一些溢美之词时很高兴，感 觉在天上；听到一些流言蜚语时，很痛苦，感觉在地狱。基本上拒绝和外界接触，把眼睛蒙上过日子，时间大概持续了一年半的时候，后来决定出第二本书，我才逐 渐地放松。
快报：那种精神状态下，你又出了第二本书？
张筱雨：是啊，有时候，人的逆反心理很强，越是在谷底的时候，求生的心理就会越强。当时很多人说，这是色情不是艺术，我特苦恼。一个人说，张筱雨你做 的是很不光彩的工作，我可以不在乎，而后一百、甚至一千、一万人都这么说，我就开始怀疑自己是不是真的做错了，这样，情绪就越来越差。后来，人美社的领导 安慰我，做我的思想工作，他们说如果这不是艺术我们为什么要出这本书呢？我们这样做不是毁张筱雨，而是砸我们的牌子。慢慢地我想通了，觉得自己没有做错。 人美社问我，有没有勇气拍第二本？我脱口而出说有，现在想想，这是从心底发出来的声音。所以至今，我都感谢那段时间对自己、对社会、对艺术的思考，我觉得 这种思考很宝贵。
快报：写真集在我看来给你带来了很多麻烦，官司缠身，可你又选择了上第二次法庭？
张筱雨：没有办法。法律规定，如果两年之内你放弃起诉的话，你就永远放弃了追诉的权利。原本我是一个大事化小，小事化了的人，但很多朋友说如果放弃， 我就要背一辈子的黑锅，所以我才站出来(状告张旭龙)。其实，(这两次官司)让我很伤心。开始的时候，摄影师要求赔偿21万，但我觉得写真集也是我劳动的 成果，后来法院最终判决支付10万元，我尊重了法院的判决，但我说目前没有这么多现金，只能先拿出4万，看在往日良好的合作情分上，剩下的在一个月之内凑 齐了再给，可这样的请求也遭到了拒绝，对方竟要求法院立即对我进行强制执行，比如封我的工资、封我的车，太让我没有想到了，这对我的刺激很大。我觉得做人 应该厚道一点儿，我是以真诚的心对待别人的，一直息事宁人、忍气吞声地保持沉默，可是没有想到……
而且，我完全没有侵权，只是作品的完整性有出入，这也是照片编辑的需要。现在，还有很多人说张筱雨侵权，我觉得挺无聊的，我觉得要开始保护自己了。所 以当自己的权益被一而再，再而三地遭到侵犯之后，当一忍再忍、实在无路可退、被逼进死胡同之后，当我牙被打掉和血吞进肚里也不愿将任何人拉下神坛的努力失 败之后，在朋友的支持和激励下，我不得不小心翼翼、战战兢兢地拿起法律的武器来维护自己的权益。不过，通过这件事，让我结交了很多朋友，也使很多人在共事 的过程中慢慢地了解我，以前他们都说我张筱雨是问题青年，是精神障碍，不过现在他们都理解了我。(很开心地笑了)
张筱雨-个人资料
2007年最值得关注的大陆模特张筱雨（黑龙江 20岁），她的青春靓丽和大尺度的展现，让黑土地感到骄傲和自豪，也说明中国的模特走向了世界的舞台，她们勇敢的精神和庄重的神情表现出世界级模特的职业水准和优良素质。
基本简历
姓名：张筱雨
性别： 女
出生日期： 1985年06月06日
籍贯：黑龙江
民族： 汉族
政治面貌： 团员
身高： 162厘米
专业： 生物科学
学制： 4年
学历： 本科生毕业
语种： 英语
外语水平： 国家四级
微机水平：国家二级
爱好： 课件制作，计算机，美术
特长： 绘画，跳舞。计算机，课件制作等
个人简介： 2000年9月--2003年7月 吉林市实验中学 2003年9月--2007年7月 北华大学
获得荣誉： 曾获得校一，二等专业奖学金 2004年3月获得吉林省计算机水平考试二级证书 2004年4月获得全国计算机等级考试二级证书 2004-2005年度被评为“优秀团员” 2006年3月获得“信息技术及应用”技术证书 2006年6月通过全国大学英语四级考试
代表作品 ：
张筱雨<闺> 张筱雨<魅惑> 张筱雨<渴望> 张筱雨<阳光>
基本简历
姓名：张筱雨
性别： 女
出生日期： 1985年06月06日
籍贯：黑龙江
民族： 汉族
政治面貌： 团员
身高： 162厘米
专业： 生物科学
学制： 4年
学历： 本科生毕业
语种： 英语
外语水平： 国家四级
微机水平：国家二级
爱好： 课件制作，计算机，美术
特长： 绘画，跳舞。计算机，课件制作等
个人简介： 2000年9月--2003年7月 吉林市实验中学 2003年9月--2007年7月 北华大学
获得荣誉： 曾获得校一，二等专业奖学金 2004年3月获得吉林省计算机水平考试二级证书 2004年4月获得全国计算机等级考试二级证书 2004-2005年度被评为“优秀团员” 2006年3月获得“信息技术及应用”技术证书 2006年6月通过全国大学英语四级考试
代表作品 ：
张筱雨<闺> 张筱雨<魅惑> 张筱雨<渴望> 张筱雨<阳光>
张筱雨
写真视频拍摄间歇 筱雨赶紧穿点衣服御寒
山顶和山下的气温要相差几十度了，尽管是夏天，山顶最多也只有5，6度啊。筱雨在拍摄间歇赶紧穿上衣服哦！可不能光顾着拍片子，不想着身体啊。要是冻出病了，全国的雨丝跟不答应呀．
非常喜欢张筱雨,她以非凡的胆识和勇气征服了模特界,像出水芙蓉凌波摇曳横空出世。她以姣美的容颜，婀娜的身姿，如玉的肌肤，优雅的神情，向世人展示了极 具魅力的东方美。用充满自信的神韵创造了一个人体艺术的新时代，结束了长期以来由日韩统治人体写真领域。与筱雨相比，那些日韩女优、美媚、人体模特根本不 屑一顾。
艺术需 要脱，就脱出文明，脱出健康，脱出自信，脱出真正的明媚春光来！
不要用猥琐的眼光看筱雨。她给我们展示的是当代中国女性的美体，清澈温和的目光透出坚强自信，无暇凝脂的皮肤浸满健康神韵，丰腴流线的躯体通透张力，美妙脱俗女体的全景展露是上天赐予的秀色盛宴。
张筱雨，你的勇气让我钦佩，你的美丽令我震颤，支持你
朋友，我们一起呵护如娇花照水的张筱雨吧，让日韩美女嫉妒吧！！！
山顶和山下的气温要相差几十度了，尽管是夏天，山顶最多也只有5，6度啊。筱雨在拍摄间歇赶紧穿上衣服哦！可不能光顾着拍片子，不想着身体啊。要是冻出病了，全国的雨丝跟不答应呀．
非常喜欢张筱雨,她以非凡的胆识和勇气征服了模特界,像出水芙蓉凌波摇曳横空出世。她以姣美的容颜，婀娜的身姿，如玉的肌肤，优雅的神情，向世人展示了极 具魅力的东方美。用充满自信的神韵创造了一个人体艺术的新时代，结束了长期以来由日韩统治人体写真领域。与筱雨相比，那些日韩女优、美媚、人体模特根本不 屑一顾。
艺术需 要脱，就脱出文明，脱出健康，脱出自信，脱出真正的明媚春光来！
不要用猥琐的眼光看筱雨。她给我们展示的是当代中国女性的美体，清澈温和的目光透出坚强自信，无暇凝脂的皮肤浸满健康神韵，丰腴流线的躯体通透张力，美妙脱俗女体的全景展露是上天赐予的秀色盛宴。
张筱雨，你的勇气让我钦佩，你的美丽令我震颤，支持你
朋友，我们一起呵护如娇花照水的张筱雨吧，让日韩美女嫉妒吧！！！
2007年10月8日星期一
省级电台涉性节目屡禁不止绝非偶然！
早些时候，国家广电总局就针对四川电台和成都市电台严重违规，制作播出“含性”节目通报批评之后， 9月中旬，湖北、湖南、广东、贵州、海南五地电台依然是我行我素，顶风违规播出涉及性生活、性经验、性体会、性器官和性药功能节目，也相继遭到国家广电总局的批评和查处。原以为事情暂且到此告一段落，不料又有宁夏、江西、山西三家电台的四套广播相继播出低俗下流的涉性节目。短短几天的时间，就有10家电台纷纷被揪，难道这是偶然的巧合吗？可邹邹通过分析事件背后的真相发现，省级电台涉性节目屡禁不止绝非偶然！
广播作为最早的媒体传播形式由来已久，尤其是在电视和网络媒体尚未崭露头角时举足轻重的作用显而易见。当报社以集团化的载体形式出现，电视娱乐的精彩纷呈作为主打的时候，各地的广播电台纷纷由“广”播转为“窄”播，实行多频道共存专业化经营的思路，首推的自然是北京人民广播电台最新在全国掀起的改革风潮，事实也证明北京交通台每年的广告份额上亿元的增加改革之路切实可行。于是各地电台纷纷效仿，不说当地市场份额有多大，也煞有其事地开办出少则3、4套，多则7、8套的广播频率。于是每个频道的广告创收任务自然是头等大事，除了频道精品的节目可以吸引一些品牌广告之外，大把空余的时间自然成了性药厂家的首选。一方面国家在对电视和报纸媒体播出、刊登性药广告明令严禁之外，绝大部分的媒体决策者不希望一些性药广告让自己在阴沟里翻船，而广播稍纵即逝的播出特征也难留“作案”痕迹，相比电视和报纸优越许多，遂铤而走险将性药广告安排在深夜播出。另一方面是长久以来寻医问药的节目在受众群中一直认为只有广播最权威，于是部分广播媒体纷纷以“健康”为题与厂家强强联合，以打擦边球的形式出售广告，多少年如一日播出未见有什么后顾之忧，习惯成就自然，就算国家广电局严查此事，无奈天高皇帝远，未必自己就是倒霉的那个。
于是，为了完成每年的广告创收任务，睁只眼闭只眼，只要银子及时到帐，节目可以正常播出。毕竟性节目隐藏与深夜，受众范围自然较小，就算追查下来，只要不是顶风作案，走个形式也就罢了。假设有的频道洁身自好，也抵不住金钱的诱惑，第一次的勉强为难之后风平浪静，自然第一次就会是顺理成章。
据了解，现在全国大多数的电台性广告占到的份额都在50%以上，多的甚至超过了70%。其实这也是各地电台性广告屡禁不止的重要原因。如果将一个电台的性广告全部停播，可以说这个广播面临着垮台的危险。越大的城市自然选择的广告种类越多，但是像一些郊县电台的性节目可以说是他们的立台之本，一旦连根拔除，殃及的不单单是电台的倒闭这么简单吧？每年回老家过年，看到家乡县电视台或者听的县电台也好，可以用“铺天盖地”来形容性节目态势，令人啼笑皆非地是，电视台播一部电视剧45分钟，居然可以将性广告播30分钟。
其实，不仅各地广播的性节目是屡禁不止，连各地电视台严禁播出的减肥药产品依然是大行其道，丝毫没有减弱的迹象（邹邹曾写过一篇《石家庄电视台要钱不要脸？》文章，见备注）。但是邹邹相信，在国家广电总局一直严打的基础之下，一定会还听众一个干净、恬美的深夜。
广播作为最早的媒体传播形式由来已久，尤其是在电视和网络媒体尚未崭露头角时举足轻重的作用显而易见。当报社以集团化的载体形式出现，电视娱乐的精彩纷呈作为主打的时候，各地的广播电台纷纷由“广”播转为“窄”播，实行多频道共存专业化经营的思路，首推的自然是北京人民广播电台最新在全国掀起的改革风潮，事实也证明北京交通台每年的广告份额上亿元的增加改革之路切实可行。于是各地电台纷纷效仿，不说当地市场份额有多大，也煞有其事地开办出少则3、4套，多则7、8套的广播频率。于是每个频道的广告创收任务自然是头等大事，除了频道精品的节目可以吸引一些品牌广告之外，大把空余的时间自然成了性药厂家的首选。一方面国家在对电视和报纸媒体播出、刊登性药广告明令严禁之外，绝大部分的媒体决策者不希望一些性药广告让自己在阴沟里翻船，而广播稍纵即逝的播出特征也难留“作案”痕迹，相比电视和报纸优越许多，遂铤而走险将性药广告安排在深夜播出。另一方面是长久以来寻医问药的节目在受众群中一直认为只有广播最权威，于是部分广播媒体纷纷以“健康”为题与厂家强强联合，以打擦边球的形式出售广告，多少年如一日播出未见有什么后顾之忧，习惯成就自然，就算国家广电局严查此事，无奈天高皇帝远，未必自己就是倒霉的那个。
于是，为了完成每年的广告创收任务，睁只眼闭只眼，只要银子及时到帐，节目可以正常播出。毕竟性节目隐藏与深夜，受众范围自然较小，就算追查下来，只要不是顶风作案，走个形式也就罢了。假设有的频道洁身自好，也抵不住金钱的诱惑，第一次的勉强为难之后风平浪静，自然第一次就会是顺理成章。
据了解，现在全国大多数的电台性广告占到的份额都在50%以上，多的甚至超过了70%。其实这也是各地电台性广告屡禁不止的重要原因。如果将一个电台的性广告全部停播，可以说这个广播面临着垮台的危险。越大的城市自然选择的广告种类越多，但是像一些郊县电台的性节目可以说是他们的立台之本，一旦连根拔除，殃及的不单单是电台的倒闭这么简单吧？每年回老家过年，看到家乡县电视台或者听的县电台也好，可以用“铺天盖地”来形容性节目态势，令人啼笑皆非地是，电视台播一部电视剧45分钟，居然可以将性广告播30分钟。
其实，不仅各地广播的性节目是屡禁不止，连各地电视台严禁播出的减肥药产品依然是大行其道，丝毫没有减弱的迹象（邹邹曾写过一篇《石家庄电视台要钱不要脸？》文章，见备注）。但是邹邹相信，在国家广电总局一直严打的基础之下，一定会还听众一个干净、恬美的深夜。
目瞪口呆，女子在广场露屁股
目瞪口呆，女子在广场露屁股
前天上午，我和父母以及爱人带着孩子去星海广场，当时正值中午，晴空万里、艳阳高照，又赶上是星期天，广场上游人很多，很是热闹。
此时，在广场中间的“天书”附近，已经围了很多人，我走近一看，原来是游客在喂食鸽子。于是，我把孩子放在鸽子群中间开始为宝宝追逐拍照，我们玩的非常开心。这时，我听见旁边不远处有个小男孩说，妈妈，那个阿姨露屁股了，我下意识地抬头朝前边看了一眼，看见一个女青年正背朝着我蹲在地上逗鸽子，而那个孩子正专注地看着她的下身，我这时仔细一看，这位女青年的低腰裤里露出大半截白嫩嫩的屁股，随着她逗鸽子时起伏的动作，低腰裤内的屁股就这样暴露在众人的面前，不但露出大半个屁股，而且露出了三分之一的股沟。
这时，我父母也同时看见了这龌龊的一幕，他们急忙把头转向了一边，羞愤的的无法言语。对于父母他们这个年龄来说，就好象那个“春光”外泄的女孩子的身子就是自己身子被别人窥视了一样，一时我也不知如何是好，显得很是尴尬。
这时我妈对我爱人说：“这个女孩子是不是不知道自己裤子掉了，咱告诉她一声吧！”我听后对妈妈说，这是当今的服装新潮流，叫低腰裤。可是，说完这话我也莫名其妙起来，这低腰裤也不能低到这个份上啊！本想提醒那女孩在公众场合应该注意一下自身的举止形象，但一想，也许她根本不会在意，也许她这样穿着，要的就是给别人看，要的就是这个效果，我又何必多管闲事呢？别自讨没趣了。唉！没办法，这都是时髦惹的祸。
真让我猜对了，这个女孩根本就不在乎人们对她的非议。蹲在地上的她突然站起来当着许多人的面和一个小伙子开始了接吻，好象有意识地让自己被许多男人欣赏这种超前的举动而故弄玄虚。这时，站在旁边的几个年龄比她大的女士在旁边指指点点地议论着，她们用鄙视甚至愤怒的目光看着她，我感觉到了她们目光的灼热，她们恨不得用吐沫淹死她。
说实话，我也不是那么守旧之人，也算是走南闯北的人了，大世面见过不少。可是，像今天这样近的距离看一个露半个屁股的女孩还真是第一次，也许是我少见多怪了，但是不管怎么说我还是想不通。有句话说的好，爱美之心人皆有之，但爱美也要适度才行，爱美也要适合中国人的穿着习俗，爱美也不能离开中国的国情啊！追求时尚并没错，可追来追去总不能忘了廉耻啊！传说中的夏娃以及古时山顶洞人进化后尚且知道用树枝草皮遮遮羞，我们进化过来的现代人总不能退化到不如我们的古人山顶洞人吧！
猛然间，我突然变得糊涂起来，到底是社会进步了还是人类开放了？
不可思议的世界！看着时髦女人肆无忌惮的时尚，在众人面前哗众取宠。露乳装，低腰裤，惊鸿一瞥之余，不免让我有些惊愕，大庭广众众目睽睽之下，一片皙柔白嫩的屁股，随时都在承载某些男人掉进去的意淫眼球，你难道是在勾引男人吗？古怪悲哀的女人！当你露完了背、露完了胸、露完了屁股，下一步你该露什么呢？我不得而知。
前天上午，我和父母以及爱人带着孩子去星海广场，当时正值中午，晴空万里、艳阳高照，又赶上是星期天，广场上游人很多，很是热闹。
此时，在广场中间的“天书”附近，已经围了很多人，我走近一看，原来是游客在喂食鸽子。于是，我把孩子放在鸽子群中间开始为宝宝追逐拍照，我们玩的非常开心。这时，我听见旁边不远处有个小男孩说，妈妈，那个阿姨露屁股了，我下意识地抬头朝前边看了一眼，看见一个女青年正背朝着我蹲在地上逗鸽子，而那个孩子正专注地看着她的下身，我这时仔细一看，这位女青年的低腰裤里露出大半截白嫩嫩的屁股，随着她逗鸽子时起伏的动作，低腰裤内的屁股就这样暴露在众人的面前，不但露出大半个屁股，而且露出了三分之一的股沟。
这时，我父母也同时看见了这龌龊的一幕，他们急忙把头转向了一边，羞愤的的无法言语。对于父母他们这个年龄来说，就好象那个“春光”外泄的女孩子的身子就是自己身子被别人窥视了一样，一时我也不知如何是好，显得很是尴尬。
这时我妈对我爱人说：“这个女孩子是不是不知道自己裤子掉了，咱告诉她一声吧！”我听后对妈妈说，这是当今的服装新潮流，叫低腰裤。可是，说完这话我也莫名其妙起来，这低腰裤也不能低到这个份上啊！本想提醒那女孩在公众场合应该注意一下自身的举止形象，但一想，也许她根本不会在意，也许她这样穿着，要的就是给别人看，要的就是这个效果，我又何必多管闲事呢？别自讨没趣了。唉！没办法，这都是时髦惹的祸。
真让我猜对了，这个女孩根本就不在乎人们对她的非议。蹲在地上的她突然站起来当着许多人的面和一个小伙子开始了接吻，好象有意识地让自己被许多男人欣赏这种超前的举动而故弄玄虚。这时，站在旁边的几个年龄比她大的女士在旁边指指点点地议论着，她们用鄙视甚至愤怒的目光看着她，我感觉到了她们目光的灼热，她们恨不得用吐沫淹死她。
说实话，我也不是那么守旧之人，也算是走南闯北的人了，大世面见过不少。可是，像今天这样近的距离看一个露半个屁股的女孩还真是第一次，也许是我少见多怪了，但是不管怎么说我还是想不通。有句话说的好，爱美之心人皆有之，但爱美也要适度才行，爱美也要适合中国人的穿着习俗，爱美也不能离开中国的国情啊！追求时尚并没错，可追来追去总不能忘了廉耻啊！传说中的夏娃以及古时山顶洞人进化后尚且知道用树枝草皮遮遮羞，我们进化过来的现代人总不能退化到不如我们的古人山顶洞人吧！
猛然间，我突然变得糊涂起来，到底是社会进步了还是人类开放了？
不可思议的世界！看着时髦女人肆无忌惮的时尚，在众人面前哗众取宠。露乳装，低腰裤，惊鸿一瞥之余，不免让我有些惊愕，大庭广众众目睽睽之下，一片皙柔白嫩的屁股，随时都在承载某些男人掉进去的意淫眼球，你难道是在勾引男人吗？古怪悲哀的女人！当你露完了背、露完了胸、露完了屁股，下一步你该露什么呢？我不得而知。
Liberals, Neocons, Zionists, Fascists, Anti-Fascists and the Rest
Thanks for all the comments. Hard to know where to begin. But I suppose the one thing that astonishes me above all is the apparent CERTAINTY of almost everyone about Iraq. Here’s a monster called Saddam Hussein (no “annoying thug” as L.K. Burnett suggests in comment 45), with a Stalinist personality cult, heading a Baath party that borrowed heavily from Nazi totalitarian organization, sitting for decades at the head of a country he’s turned into a nighmarish realm of terror, populated by a circles within circles of cowed informants who make the Stasi look like a plaything. My colleague Dexter Filkins described Saddam’s country in stark terms this weekend (see his brilliant profile of Kanan Makiya), writing of Saddam: “He murdered as many as a million of his people, many with poison gas. He tortured, maimed and imprisoned countless more. His unprovoked invasion of Iran is estimated to have left another million people dead. His seizure of Kuwait threw the Middle East into crisis.”
In 2003, this mass murderer — responsible for millions of dead and some 25 million psychologically crippled Iraqis — is removed in a bungled American-led invasion, undertaken under false pretenses, beset from the beginning by incompetence and hubris on a massive scale, marked by miscalculation on everything from U.S. troop levels to the impact of an American-propelled social revolution that thrust the long suppressed Shia to power. It is certain that things could have been handled better. It is uncertain how much of this mayhem could have been avoided if better post-invasion decisions had been taken by a president less inclined to act on hunches and more inclined to look at facts. It is clear that perhaps 200,000 Iraqis are dead (let’s not argue too much on the numbers, but agree they are high), in addition to more than 3,700 young American soldiers.
When I weigh this picture — a middle Eastern Pol Pot (and who cares that the United States once supported him, it makes no difference to anything at this stage) on one side; more than four years of war and killing and Iraqi disintegration on the other — I agonize. Three visits to Baghdad since the invasion and countless meetings with people whose relatives were “disappeared” by Saddam only add to my questioning. Makiya, who wrote the devastating “Republic of Fear” in 1989 and was a strong supporter of the invasion, also agonizes in the above-mentioned Filkins piece. Why then is it so easy for people who know far less about Iraq than Makiya or deputy prime minister Barham Salih (a Kurd in a country where Saddam slaughtered about 180,000 Kurds) to be so certain about everything. The answer, I suspect, is that they — and particularly the liberals who are angriest about my column — think a lot more about Bush (who’s easy enough to dissect) than about Iraqis. Some suffer from what Charles Brink, in comment 64, calls “Bush derangement syndrome.”
The difference between the Iraqi hell of yesterday and the Iraqi hell of today is that the former was without hope (Saddam would have handed over to his even more sadistic sons) while the latter is characterized by flux that may, over a long period, produce some semblance of a decent society. I respect those who denounce the invasion and believe it has produced, and will produce, only disaster. On balance, however, I disagree. It would be nice to think, as Julien Vallee suggests, that Saddam’s removal could have been achieved through “soft power.” But cental Europe’s velvet revolutions notwithstanding, the lesson of history is generally that dictators like Saddam do not go gently.
What I find intolerable is the way a smug left personnified by Michael Tomasky (see his attempt at humor in God, what a bunch of whiners) can drone on about Iraq for 25 paragraphs or so without ever mentioning what Saddam’s murder-central was like. Perhaps Tomasky should think a little more about how the Soviet Gulag slipped out of the awareness of wide swathes of the European and American left, some of whom would not even see the horror for what it was when Solzhenitsyn finally rammed it down their throats. If he did search his untroubled conscience, Tomasky and others like him might be less inclined to reduce Saddam’s Gulag to a subordinate clause. You’ve heard the kinds of sentences they use. They tend to begin: Yes, I know Saddam’s regime was horrendous, but…..Or perhaps Tomasky, who is much given to hyperbole (he thinks I see his left as “a satanic sect!”), should read Charles Rogerson’s comment (number 12). In it he rightly calls me to task for not differentiating between classic Isaiah Berlin liberals and the liberals he knew when growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area. These were people who “were amazingly soft on the Soviet Union and China.” Rogerson adds: “You were mocked as some kind of right-wing yahoo MaCarthyite if you said anything critical about communism or the Soviet Union.”
True, Bush did not invade Iraq to get rid of a monstrous killer. He had other reasons and they proved empty. But the world is better for Saddam’s demise.
What else? Anyone who doubts that neocon is often shorthand for “neo-con Zionist conspiracy” should have his or her doubts laid to rest by reading the hundred of comments, some of them ugly.
I will set out the liberal hawk or liberal interventionist’s credo at a later date.
Thank you to Jane (comment 25) for her sanity in the midst of so much vitriol. She wrote: “Nice to see someone actually thinking rather than calling names. Neither side of the political spectrum has the exclusive on Truth. Fact is, labels end the “lively debate” that results in reasonable consensus. Without it, our country cannot move forward.”
Civilized disagreement is the mark of any healthy society.
In 2003, this mass murderer — responsible for millions of dead and some 25 million psychologically crippled Iraqis — is removed in a bungled American-led invasion, undertaken under false pretenses, beset from the beginning by incompetence and hubris on a massive scale, marked by miscalculation on everything from U.S. troop levels to the impact of an American-propelled social revolution that thrust the long suppressed Shia to power. It is certain that things could have been handled better. It is uncertain how much of this mayhem could have been avoided if better post-invasion decisions had been taken by a president less inclined to act on hunches and more inclined to look at facts. It is clear that perhaps 200,000 Iraqis are dead (let’s not argue too much on the numbers, but agree they are high), in addition to more than 3,700 young American soldiers.
When I weigh this picture — a middle Eastern Pol Pot (and who cares that the United States once supported him, it makes no difference to anything at this stage) on one side; more than four years of war and killing and Iraqi disintegration on the other — I agonize. Three visits to Baghdad since the invasion and countless meetings with people whose relatives were “disappeared” by Saddam only add to my questioning. Makiya, who wrote the devastating “Republic of Fear” in 1989 and was a strong supporter of the invasion, also agonizes in the above-mentioned Filkins piece. Why then is it so easy for people who know far less about Iraq than Makiya or deputy prime minister Barham Salih (a Kurd in a country where Saddam slaughtered about 180,000 Kurds) to be so certain about everything. The answer, I suspect, is that they — and particularly the liberals who are angriest about my column — think a lot more about Bush (who’s easy enough to dissect) than about Iraqis. Some suffer from what Charles Brink, in comment 64, calls “Bush derangement syndrome.”
The difference between the Iraqi hell of yesterday and the Iraqi hell of today is that the former was without hope (Saddam would have handed over to his even more sadistic sons) while the latter is characterized by flux that may, over a long period, produce some semblance of a decent society. I respect those who denounce the invasion and believe it has produced, and will produce, only disaster. On balance, however, I disagree. It would be nice to think, as Julien Vallee suggests, that Saddam’s removal could have been achieved through “soft power.” But cental Europe’s velvet revolutions notwithstanding, the lesson of history is generally that dictators like Saddam do not go gently.
What I find intolerable is the way a smug left personnified by Michael Tomasky (see his attempt at humor in God, what a bunch of whiners) can drone on about Iraq for 25 paragraphs or so without ever mentioning what Saddam’s murder-central was like. Perhaps Tomasky should think a little more about how the Soviet Gulag slipped out of the awareness of wide swathes of the European and American left, some of whom would not even see the horror for what it was when Solzhenitsyn finally rammed it down their throats. If he did search his untroubled conscience, Tomasky and others like him might be less inclined to reduce Saddam’s Gulag to a subordinate clause. You’ve heard the kinds of sentences they use. They tend to begin: Yes, I know Saddam’s regime was horrendous, but…..Or perhaps Tomasky, who is much given to hyperbole (he thinks I see his left as “a satanic sect!”), should read Charles Rogerson’s comment (number 12). In it he rightly calls me to task for not differentiating between classic Isaiah Berlin liberals and the liberals he knew when growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area. These were people who “were amazingly soft on the Soviet Union and China.” Rogerson adds: “You were mocked as some kind of right-wing yahoo MaCarthyite if you said anything critical about communism or the Soviet Union.”
True, Bush did not invade Iraq to get rid of a monstrous killer. He had other reasons and they proved empty. But the world is better for Saddam’s demise.
What else? Anyone who doubts that neocon is often shorthand for “neo-con Zionist conspiracy” should have his or her doubts laid to rest by reading the hundred of comments, some of them ugly.
I will set out the liberal hawk or liberal interventionist’s credo at a later date.
Thank you to Jane (comment 25) for her sanity in the midst of so much vitriol. She wrote: “Nice to see someone actually thinking rather than calling names. Neither side of the political spectrum has the exclusive on Truth. Fact is, labels end the “lively debate” that results in reasonable consensus. Without it, our country cannot move forward.”
Civilized disagreement is the mark of any healthy society.
Killer of Russian journalist is known, editor says
MOSCOW: The independent Novaya Gazeta newspaper and Russian prosecutors know the identity of the man who killed Anna Politkovskaya, the newspaper's correspondent who was slain in a contract-style killing last year, according to the newspaper's editor and a special report planned for publication Monday.
But the identity of the person who ordered the killing has not been determined and the man who shot Politkovskaya has not been found and arrested, the editor said. He added that more time was needed to investigate the case.
"The organizer is free," said the paper's editor in chief, Dmitry Muratov. "This crime cannot be considered solved."
The new details shed further light on a case that has drawn international scrutiny and suggested that a degree of progress has been made in a investigation that Politkovskaya's friends and supporters have worried had been stalled and undermined by internal disarray.
Politkovskaya, a tireless critic of the Kremlin and President Vladimir Putin, was an advocate of victims of human rights abuses, especially those from the two wars in Chechnya since 1994. She was shot multiple times with a pistol at the entrance to her apartment building on Oct. 7, 2006.
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The killing, which coincided with Putin's 54th birthday and became another in a string of murders of journalists in Russia, drew international condemnation and demands for a vigorous investigation.
In the year since, it has been framed as a challenge to Putin's legacy - an example of the criminality, corruption and culture of impunity beneath the surface of the partial recovery of Russia's economy and the Kremlin's confidence that have accompanied Putin's rule.
The case has proved a challenge to Novaya Gazeta as well. Long a sharp critic of Russia's government, the paper has cooperated closely with the team of investigators from the federal General Prosecutor's office, and withheld publishing many details of both the prosecutors' work and the newspaper's own parallel investigation.
Last Friday, as editors and reporters put the last touches on a special edition of the newspaper to mark the one-year anniversary of the killing, Muratov said the special report would commemorate Politkovskaya and disclose important new information. But it would not be a full accounting of what the editors know.
Instead, Muratov said, he was focused on helping prosecutors glean the remaining facts required to arrest both the gunman and the man who hired him.
Eleven people have been arrested in the case so far, and nine have been held on charges, Muratov said. He added that the suspects in custody were middlemen and accomplices in the crime, but that important suspects remain at large, and the newspaper is taking care not to compromise the investigation with leaks.
"My main task is not to give interviews and to write stories," Muratov said. "I want the bastards in jail."
Muratov provided advance copies of the two main articles of the special issue to The New York Times. One is an extended interview with Petros Garibyan, the prosecutor leading the government's investigation.
Garibyan's account differed slightly from Muratov's, saying that 10 men were in custody thus far, not nine. But he agreed that the identity of the man who shot Politkovskaya has been established.
"We have not charged the killer yet, but we know who he is," Garibyan said, according to the interview. Garibyan did not answer several calls on his cellphone on Sunday.
The second article, called "Anna and the Clown," is a description of the ordeal of Eduard Ponikarov, who in 2002, the article said, was beaten for hours by several men, including then-Major Pavel Ryaguzov of the FSB, the domestic successor to the KGB.
Ryaguzov sought to torture Ponikarov into submission with the goal of making him an FSB informant, code-named "Clown," who could be ruled by fear, Muratov said.
Instead, Ponikarov survived and lodged formal complaints with the authorities. But the case gained no traction and no one was punished, although Ryaguzov and an accomplice were identified, according to the special report.
Ryaguzov was later promoted to colonel. He is now one of the suspects detained in the Politkovskaya case and has been accused by prosecutors of assisting Politkovskaya's killers by giving them her home address.
Muratov and the special report suggest that the handling of the Ponikarov affair was an example of the culture of impunity for law enforcement officers in Russia that contributed to Politkovskaya's death.
If the men who tormented Ponikarov had been arrested in 2002, the newspaper's report says, "perhaps Anna Politkovskaya would still be alive."
Ponikarov, reached at home by telephone on Sunday, confirmed that Novaya Gazeta's account of his beating at the hands of the FSB officer was accurate.
Yuri Chaika, Russia's prosecutor general, said in August that Politkovskaya's killing had been ordered from abroad with the aim of destabilizing Russia. Muratov said last week that he knew of no evidence of foreign involvement and that he believed that Politkovskaya was killed because she was investigating corruption within Russia.
"According to our opinion, she touched upon the financial interests of people," he said. "And they decided to make her silent."
Muratov also distanced himself from Kremlin detractors who say that Putin directly ordered the crime. He offered a more nuanced view, saying that Putin's rule has allowed a climate in which journalists have been killed with impunity, but that the Russian president did not put out Politkovskaya's murder for hire.
Instead, he said, the Kremlin has built a regime in which her death is assumed to be allowed, and powerful criminals within the government and law enforcement agencies do as they please
"The power has created a climate in which journalists are enemies, democracy is not an efficient way of management or rule, and the special services are a new ruling class, a ruling elite, to which everything is permitted," he said. "When there is no parliamentary or public control of the special services, it is this atmosphere of censorship and permissiveness that brought this result."
But the identity of the person who ordered the killing has not been determined and the man who shot Politkovskaya has not been found and arrested, the editor said. He added that more time was needed to investigate the case.
"The organizer is free," said the paper's editor in chief, Dmitry Muratov. "This crime cannot be considered solved."
The new details shed further light on a case that has drawn international scrutiny and suggested that a degree of progress has been made in a investigation that Politkovskaya's friends and supporters have worried had been stalled and undermined by internal disarray.
Politkovskaya, a tireless critic of the Kremlin and President Vladimir Putin, was an advocate of victims of human rights abuses, especially those from the two wars in Chechnya since 1994. She was shot multiple times with a pistol at the entrance to her apartment building on Oct. 7, 2006.
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Text: Interview with investigator in journalist's murder
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Contenders for Columbus's legacy turn to DNA
Pioneering 17th century British scientist's notes now online
The killing, which coincided with Putin's 54th birthday and became another in a string of murders of journalists in Russia, drew international condemnation and demands for a vigorous investigation.
In the year since, it has been framed as a challenge to Putin's legacy - an example of the criminality, corruption and culture of impunity beneath the surface of the partial recovery of Russia's economy and the Kremlin's confidence that have accompanied Putin's rule.
The case has proved a challenge to Novaya Gazeta as well. Long a sharp critic of Russia's government, the paper has cooperated closely with the team of investigators from the federal General Prosecutor's office, and withheld publishing many details of both the prosecutors' work and the newspaper's own parallel investigation.
Last Friday, as editors and reporters put the last touches on a special edition of the newspaper to mark the one-year anniversary of the killing, Muratov said the special report would commemorate Politkovskaya and disclose important new information. But it would not be a full accounting of what the editors know.
Instead, Muratov said, he was focused on helping prosecutors glean the remaining facts required to arrest both the gunman and the man who hired him.
Eleven people have been arrested in the case so far, and nine have been held on charges, Muratov said. He added that the suspects in custody were middlemen and accomplices in the crime, but that important suspects remain at large, and the newspaper is taking care not to compromise the investigation with leaks.
"My main task is not to give interviews and to write stories," Muratov said. "I want the bastards in jail."
Muratov provided advance copies of the two main articles of the special issue to The New York Times. One is an extended interview with Petros Garibyan, the prosecutor leading the government's investigation.
Garibyan's account differed slightly from Muratov's, saying that 10 men were in custody thus far, not nine. But he agreed that the identity of the man who shot Politkovskaya has been established.
"We have not charged the killer yet, but we know who he is," Garibyan said, according to the interview. Garibyan did not answer several calls on his cellphone on Sunday.
The second article, called "Anna and the Clown," is a description of the ordeal of Eduard Ponikarov, who in 2002, the article said, was beaten for hours by several men, including then-Major Pavel Ryaguzov of the FSB, the domestic successor to the KGB.
Ryaguzov sought to torture Ponikarov into submission with the goal of making him an FSB informant, code-named "Clown," who could be ruled by fear, Muratov said.
Instead, Ponikarov survived and lodged formal complaints with the authorities. But the case gained no traction and no one was punished, although Ryaguzov and an accomplice were identified, according to the special report.
Ryaguzov was later promoted to colonel. He is now one of the suspects detained in the Politkovskaya case and has been accused by prosecutors of assisting Politkovskaya's killers by giving them her home address.
Muratov and the special report suggest that the handling of the Ponikarov affair was an example of the culture of impunity for law enforcement officers in Russia that contributed to Politkovskaya's death.
If the men who tormented Ponikarov had been arrested in 2002, the newspaper's report says, "perhaps Anna Politkovskaya would still be alive."
Ponikarov, reached at home by telephone on Sunday, confirmed that Novaya Gazeta's account of his beating at the hands of the FSB officer was accurate.
Yuri Chaika, Russia's prosecutor general, said in August that Politkovskaya's killing had been ordered from abroad with the aim of destabilizing Russia. Muratov said last week that he knew of no evidence of foreign involvement and that he believed that Politkovskaya was killed because she was investigating corruption within Russia.
"According to our opinion, she touched upon the financial interests of people," he said. "And they decided to make her silent."
Muratov also distanced himself from Kremlin detractors who say that Putin directly ordered the crime. He offered a more nuanced view, saying that Putin's rule has allowed a climate in which journalists have been killed with impunity, but that the Russian president did not put out Politkovskaya's murder for hire.
Instead, he said, the Kremlin has built a regime in which her death is assumed to be allowed, and powerful criminals within the government and law enforcement agencies do as they please
"The power has created a climate in which journalists are enemies, democracy is not an efficient way of management or rule, and the special services are a new ruling class, a ruling elite, to which everything is permitted," he said. "When there is no parliamentary or public control of the special services, it is this atmosphere of censorship and permissiveness that brought this result."
Fortune cookies offer advice of a different kind
The messages in fortune cookies are typically vague, banal and optimistic. But some cookies are now serving up some surprisingly downbeat advice.
"Today is a disastrous day. If you can't beat 'em, join 'em," reads one fortune showing up around the country.
"It's over your head now. Time to get some professional help," advises another.
As the messages, contained in cookies made by Wonton Food in Queens, New York, have spread across the country, some diners have registered their reactions online. As a result, the company has a marketing challenge on its hands.
One blogger, who got the "professional help" fortune, wrote: "I shot the audacious baked item a dirty look and proceeded to eat it. And I hope it hurt."
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Bernard Chow, marketing coordinator at Wonton Food, said he had not set out to insult anybody when he asked his team of freelance writers to come up with some new messages.
"We wanted our fortune cookies to be a little bit more value-added," Chow said. "We wanted to get some different perspective, to write something that is more contemporary."
Wonton Food, which describes itself as the largest fortune-cookie maker in the country, produces about 4.5 million cookies a day. The company made headlines in 2005 when 110 people won almost $19 million in the Powerball lottery after playing a "lucky number" sequence from the back of a Wonton fortune.
Wonton has a catalog of 10,000 fortunes, and about a quarter of them are in rotation at any given time. It introduced 600 new ones several months ago, including about 150 in the popular fortune-telling category. Other message categories are humor, motivational sayings, riddles and translated Chinese idioms.
"They can't be offensive, got to be positive, and rated G," said Derrick Wong, vice president for sales at Wonton.
But as customers began to request more fortunes with actual predictions rather than cryptic sayings, the writers removed their rose-colored glasses, he said.
"It's very hard to come up with more fortunes," Wong said. "Some people may not like them."
Some consumers complained; others searched for meaningful explanations.
Chow characterized the new fortunes as "cautious" rather than negative, and said he had received complaints about only two messages so far. One was the "disastrous day" note. The other said: "Your luck is just not there. Attend to practical matters today."
Wonton plans to remove those two from circulation, Chow said, adding that he welcomes customer feedback about the others.
"I got some people saying that you're making people think, and that's good," he said. "But I have people writing to me saying that it's not positive enough."
Most people who receive one of the downbeat fortunes do not take them too seriously. Karyn Turnbull, 33, an education software designer in Austin, Texas, said her fiancé had been warned about a "disastrous day" when they celebrated their engagement at the Chinese restaurant where they had their first date.
"He laughed and said if he had gotten them before, he might not have proposed," Turnbull said.
"Today is a disastrous day. If you can't beat 'em, join 'em," reads one fortune showing up around the country.
"It's over your head now. Time to get some professional help," advises another.
As the messages, contained in cookies made by Wonton Food in Queens, New York, have spread across the country, some diners have registered their reactions online. As a result, the company has a marketing challenge on its hands.
One blogger, who got the "professional help" fortune, wrote: "I shot the audacious baked item a dirty look and proceeded to eat it. And I hope it hurt."
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Bernard Chow, marketing coordinator at Wonton Food, said he had not set out to insult anybody when he asked his team of freelance writers to come up with some new messages.
"We wanted our fortune cookies to be a little bit more value-added," Chow said. "We wanted to get some different perspective, to write something that is more contemporary."
Wonton Food, which describes itself as the largest fortune-cookie maker in the country, produces about 4.5 million cookies a day. The company made headlines in 2005 when 110 people won almost $19 million in the Powerball lottery after playing a "lucky number" sequence from the back of a Wonton fortune.
Wonton has a catalog of 10,000 fortunes, and about a quarter of them are in rotation at any given time. It introduced 600 new ones several months ago, including about 150 in the popular fortune-telling category. Other message categories are humor, motivational sayings, riddles and translated Chinese idioms.
"They can't be offensive, got to be positive, and rated G," said Derrick Wong, vice president for sales at Wonton.
But as customers began to request more fortunes with actual predictions rather than cryptic sayings, the writers removed their rose-colored glasses, he said.
"It's very hard to come up with more fortunes," Wong said. "Some people may not like them."
Some consumers complained; others searched for meaningful explanations.
Chow characterized the new fortunes as "cautious" rather than negative, and said he had received complaints about only two messages so far. One was the "disastrous day" note. The other said: "Your luck is just not there. Attend to practical matters today."
Wonton plans to remove those two from circulation, Chow said, adding that he welcomes customer feedback about the others.
"I got some people saying that you're making people think, and that's good," he said. "But I have people writing to me saying that it's not positive enough."
Most people who receive one of the downbeat fortunes do not take them too seriously. Karyn Turnbull, 33, an education software designer in Austin, Texas, said her fiancé had been warned about a "disastrous day" when they celebrated their engagement at the Chinese restaurant where they had their first date.
"He laughed and said if he had gotten them before, he might not have proposed," Turnbull said.
'The Kite Runner' is delayed to protect child stars 2
Dowd and E. Bennett Walsh, a producer, said they met in Kabul with Ahmad Khan's father, Ahmad Jaan Mahmoodzada, and told him that his son's character was the victim of a "vicious sexual assault." Mahmoodzada seemed unmoved, they said, remarking that "bad things happen" in movies as in life. The boy, they continued, did not receive a script until a Dari translation was available on the set in western China. The rape scene was rehearsed twice, they said, once with the father present.
On Tuesday the elder Mahmoodzada, reached by cellphone, rejected this account, and said he never learned the rape was a plot point until the scene was about to be shot. He also said his son never received a script.
Forster said that during rehearsals he considered including a shot of Hassan's pants being pulled down, exposing his backside, and that neither Ahmad Khan nor his father objected. But the morning the scene was to be filmed, Forster found the boy in tears. Ahmad Khan said he did not want to be shown nude, Forster agreed to skip that shot, and the boy went ahead with the rape scene. Mahmoodzada confirmed this.
In the final version of the film, the rape is conveyed impressionistically, with the unstrapping of a belt, the victim's cries and a drop of blood.
The filmmakers said they were surprised when Ahmad Khan and his father told The Sunday Times of London in January that they feared for their lives. Walsh and Rebecca Yeldham, another producer, flew to Kabul to learn more in February.
The producers dispelled one fear, that the filmmakers would use computer tricks to depict the boy's genitals in the rape scene. But Ahmad Khan's parents also pressed for more cash, the producers said.
On the advice of a Kabul television company, the boys had been paid $1,000 to $1,500 a week, far less than the Screen Actors Guild weekly scale of $2,557, but far more than what Afghan actors typically receive.
In late July, with violence worsening in Kabul, studio executives looked for experts who could help them chart a safe course. Aided by lobbyists for Viacom, Paramount's parent company, they found John Kiriakou, the retired CIA operative with experience in the region, and had him conduct interviews in Washington and Kabul.
"They wanted to do the right thing, but they wanted to understand what the right thing was," Kiriakou said.
There was one absolute: "Nothing will be done if it puts any kid at risk," Megan Colligan, head of marketing at Paramount Vantage, said.
Kiriakou's briefing, which he reprised in a telephone interview, could make a pretty good movie by itself. A specialist on Islam at the State Department nearly wept envisioning a "Danish-cartoons situation," Kiriakou said. An Afghan literature professor, he added, said Paramount was "willing to burn an already scorched nation for a fistful of dollars." The head of an Afghan political party said the movie would energize the Taliban. Nearly everyone Kiriakou met said that the boys had to be removed from Afghanistan for their safety. And a Hazara member of Parliament warned that Pashtun and Hazara "would be killing each other every night" in response to the film's depiction of them. None of the interviewees had seen the movie.
Another consultant, whom Paramount did not identify, gave a less bleak assessment, but Colligan said the studio was taking no chances. "The only thing you get people to agree on is that the place is getting messier every single day," she said.
So on Sunday Rich Klein, a Middle East specialist at the consulting firm Kissinger McLarty Associates, flew to the United Arab Emirates to arrange visas, housing and schooling for the young actors and jobs for their guardians. (The United States is not an option, he said, because Afghans do not qualify for refugee status.)
Those involved say that the studio doesn't want to be taken advantage of, but that it could accept responsibility for the boys' living expenses until they reach adulthood, a cost some estimated at up to $500,000. The families, of course, must first agree to the plan.
"I think there was a moral obligation even before any of these things were an issue," said Hosseini, the novel's author, who got to know the boys on the set. "How long that obligation lasts? I don't know that anybody has the answer to that."
Kirk Semple contributed reporting from Kabul.
On Tuesday the elder Mahmoodzada, reached by cellphone, rejected this account, and said he never learned the rape was a plot point until the scene was about to be shot. He also said his son never received a script.
Forster said that during rehearsals he considered including a shot of Hassan's pants being pulled down, exposing his backside, and that neither Ahmad Khan nor his father objected. But the morning the scene was to be filmed, Forster found the boy in tears. Ahmad Khan said he did not want to be shown nude, Forster agreed to skip that shot, and the boy went ahead with the rape scene. Mahmoodzada confirmed this.
In the final version of the film, the rape is conveyed impressionistically, with the unstrapping of a belt, the victim's cries and a drop of blood.
The filmmakers said they were surprised when Ahmad Khan and his father told The Sunday Times of London in January that they feared for their lives. Walsh and Rebecca Yeldham, another producer, flew to Kabul to learn more in February.
The producers dispelled one fear, that the filmmakers would use computer tricks to depict the boy's genitals in the rape scene. But Ahmad Khan's parents also pressed for more cash, the producers said.
On the advice of a Kabul television company, the boys had been paid $1,000 to $1,500 a week, far less than the Screen Actors Guild weekly scale of $2,557, but far more than what Afghan actors typically receive.
In late July, with violence worsening in Kabul, studio executives looked for experts who could help them chart a safe course. Aided by lobbyists for Viacom, Paramount's parent company, they found John Kiriakou, the retired CIA operative with experience in the region, and had him conduct interviews in Washington and Kabul.
"They wanted to do the right thing, but they wanted to understand what the right thing was," Kiriakou said.
There was one absolute: "Nothing will be done if it puts any kid at risk," Megan Colligan, head of marketing at Paramount Vantage, said.
Kiriakou's briefing, which he reprised in a telephone interview, could make a pretty good movie by itself. A specialist on Islam at the State Department nearly wept envisioning a "Danish-cartoons situation," Kiriakou said. An Afghan literature professor, he added, said Paramount was "willing to burn an already scorched nation for a fistful of dollars." The head of an Afghan political party said the movie would energize the Taliban. Nearly everyone Kiriakou met said that the boys had to be removed from Afghanistan for their safety. And a Hazara member of Parliament warned that Pashtun and Hazara "would be killing each other every night" in response to the film's depiction of them. None of the interviewees had seen the movie.
Another consultant, whom Paramount did not identify, gave a less bleak assessment, but Colligan said the studio was taking no chances. "The only thing you get people to agree on is that the place is getting messier every single day," she said.
So on Sunday Rich Klein, a Middle East specialist at the consulting firm Kissinger McLarty Associates, flew to the United Arab Emirates to arrange visas, housing and schooling for the young actors and jobs for their guardians. (The United States is not an option, he said, because Afghans do not qualify for refugee status.)
Those involved say that the studio doesn't want to be taken advantage of, but that it could accept responsibility for the boys' living expenses until they reach adulthood, a cost some estimated at up to $500,000. The families, of course, must first agree to the plan.
"I think there was a moral obligation even before any of these things were an issue," said Hosseini, the novel's author, who got to know the boys on the set. "How long that obligation lasts? I don't know that anybody has the answer to that."
Kirk Semple contributed reporting from Kabul.
'The Kite Runner' is delayed to protect child stars 1
LOS ANGELES: The studio distributing "The Kite Runner," a tale of childhood betrayal, sexual predation and ethnic tension in Afghanistan, is delaying the film's release to get its three schoolboy stars out of Kabul — perhaps permanently — in response to fears that they could be attacked for their enactment of a culturally inflammatory rape scene.
Executives at the distributor, Paramount Vantage, are contending with issues stemming from the rising lawlessness in Kabul in the year since the boys were cast.
The boys and their relatives are now accusing the filmmakers of mistreatment, and warnings have been relayed to the studio from Afghan and American officials and aid workers that the movie could aggravate simmering enmities between the politically dominant Pashtun and the long-oppressed Hazara.
In an effort to prevent not only a public-relations disaster but also possible violence, studio lawyers and marketing bosses have employed a stranger-than-fiction team of consultants. In August they sent a retired Central Intelligence Agency counterterrorism operative in the region to Kabul to assess the dangers facing the child actors. And on Sunday a Washington-based political adviser flew to the United Arab Emirates to arrange a safe haven for the boys and their relatives.
"If we're being overly cautious, that's O.K.," Karen Magid, a lawyer for Paramount, said. "We're in uncharted territory."
Multimedia
Trailer: 'The Kite Runner'
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In interviews, more than a dozen people involved in the studio's response described grappling with vexing questions: testing the limits of corporate responsibility, wondering who was exploiting whom and pondering the price of on-screen authenticity.
"The Kite Runner," like the best-selling 2003 novel by Khaled Hosseini on which it is based, spans three decades of Afghan strife, from before the Soviet invasion through the rise of the Taliban. At its heart is a friendship between Amir, a wealthy Pashtun boy played by Zekiria Ebrahimi, and Hassan, the Hazara son of Amir's father's servant. In a pivotal scene Hassan is raped in an alley by a Pashtun bully. Later, Sohrab, a Hazara boy played by Ali Danish Bakhty Ari, is preyed on by a corrupt Taliban official.
Though the book is admired in Afghanistan by many in the elite, its narrative remains unfamiliar to the broader population, for whom oral storytelling and rumor communication carry far greater weight.
The Taliban destroyed nearly all movie theaters in Afghanistan, but pirated DVDs often arrive soon after a major film's release in the West. As a result, Paramount Vantage, the art-house and specialty label of Paramount Pictures, has pushed back the release of the $18 million movie by six weeks, to Dec. 14, when the young stars' school year will have ended.
In January in Afghanistan, DVDs of "Kabul Express" — an Indian film in which a character hurls insults at Hazara — led to protests, government denunciations and calls for the execution of the offending actor, who fled the country.
Perhaps not coincidentally, the "Kite Runner" actor who plays Hassan, Ahmad Khan Mahmoodzada, 12, told reporters at that time that he feared for his life because his fellow Hazara might feel humiliated by his rape scene. His father said he himself was misled by the film's producers, insisting that they never told him of the scene until it was about to be shot and that they had promised to cut it.
Hangama Anwari, the child-rights commissioner for the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, said on Monday that she had urged Paramount's counterterrorism consultant to get Ahmad Khan out of the country, at least until after the movie is released. "They should not play around with the lives and security of people," she said of the filmmakers. "The Hazara people will take it as an insult."
The film's director, Marc Forster, whose credits include "Finding Neverland" (2004), another film starring child actors, said he saw "The Kite Runner" as "giving a voice and a face to people who've been voiceless and faceless for the last 30 years." Striving for authenticity, he said, he chose to make the film in Dari, an Afghan language, and his casting agent, Kate Dowd, held open calls in cities with sizable Afghan communities, including Fremont, California, Toronto and The Hague. But to no avail: Forster said he "just wasn't connecting with anybody."
Finally, when Dowd went to Kabul in May 2006, she discovered her stars. "There was such innocence to them, despite all they'd lived through," she said.
Forster emphasized that casting Afghan boys did not seem risky at the time; local filmmakers even encouraged him, he said: "You really felt it was safe there, a democratic process was happening, and stability, and a new beginning."
Executives at the distributor, Paramount Vantage, are contending with issues stemming from the rising lawlessness in Kabul in the year since the boys were cast.
The boys and their relatives are now accusing the filmmakers of mistreatment, and warnings have been relayed to the studio from Afghan and American officials and aid workers that the movie could aggravate simmering enmities between the politically dominant Pashtun and the long-oppressed Hazara.
In an effort to prevent not only a public-relations disaster but also possible violence, studio lawyers and marketing bosses have employed a stranger-than-fiction team of consultants. In August they sent a retired Central Intelligence Agency counterterrorism operative in the region to Kabul to assess the dangers facing the child actors. And on Sunday a Washington-based political adviser flew to the United Arab Emirates to arrange a safe haven for the boys and their relatives.
"If we're being overly cautious, that's O.K.," Karen Magid, a lawyer for Paramount, said. "We're in uncharted territory."
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In interviews, more than a dozen people involved in the studio's response described grappling with vexing questions: testing the limits of corporate responsibility, wondering who was exploiting whom and pondering the price of on-screen authenticity.
"The Kite Runner," like the best-selling 2003 novel by Khaled Hosseini on which it is based, spans three decades of Afghan strife, from before the Soviet invasion through the rise of the Taliban. At its heart is a friendship between Amir, a wealthy Pashtun boy played by Zekiria Ebrahimi, and Hassan, the Hazara son of Amir's father's servant. In a pivotal scene Hassan is raped in an alley by a Pashtun bully. Later, Sohrab, a Hazara boy played by Ali Danish Bakhty Ari, is preyed on by a corrupt Taliban official.
Though the book is admired in Afghanistan by many in the elite, its narrative remains unfamiliar to the broader population, for whom oral storytelling and rumor communication carry far greater weight.
The Taliban destroyed nearly all movie theaters in Afghanistan, but pirated DVDs often arrive soon after a major film's release in the West. As a result, Paramount Vantage, the art-house and specialty label of Paramount Pictures, has pushed back the release of the $18 million movie by six weeks, to Dec. 14, when the young stars' school year will have ended.
In January in Afghanistan, DVDs of "Kabul Express" — an Indian film in which a character hurls insults at Hazara — led to protests, government denunciations and calls for the execution of the offending actor, who fled the country.
Perhaps not coincidentally, the "Kite Runner" actor who plays Hassan, Ahmad Khan Mahmoodzada, 12, told reporters at that time that he feared for his life because his fellow Hazara might feel humiliated by his rape scene. His father said he himself was misled by the film's producers, insisting that they never told him of the scene until it was about to be shot and that they had promised to cut it.
Hangama Anwari, the child-rights commissioner for the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, said on Monday that she had urged Paramount's counterterrorism consultant to get Ahmad Khan out of the country, at least until after the movie is released. "They should not play around with the lives and security of people," she said of the filmmakers. "The Hazara people will take it as an insult."
The film's director, Marc Forster, whose credits include "Finding Neverland" (2004), another film starring child actors, said he saw "The Kite Runner" as "giving a voice and a face to people who've been voiceless and faceless for the last 30 years." Striving for authenticity, he said, he chose to make the film in Dari, an Afghan language, and his casting agent, Kate Dowd, held open calls in cities with sizable Afghan communities, including Fremont, California, Toronto and The Hague. But to no avail: Forster said he "just wasn't connecting with anybody."
Finally, when Dowd went to Kabul in May 2006, she discovered her stars. "There was such innocence to them, despite all they'd lived through," she said.
Forster emphasized that casting Afghan boys did not seem risky at the time; local filmmakers even encouraged him, he said: "You really felt it was safe there, a democratic process was happening, and stability, and a new beginning."
Killer of Russian journalist is known, editor says
MOSCOW: The independent Novaya Gazeta newspaper and Russian prosecutors know the identity of the man who killed Anna Politkovskaya, the newspaper's correspondent who was slain in a contract-style killing last year, according to the newspaper's editor and a special report planned for publication Monday.
But the identity of the person who ordered the killing has not been determined and the man who shot Politkovskaya has not been found and arrested, the editor said. He added that more time was needed to investigate the case.
"The organizer is free," said the paper's editor in chief, Dmitry Muratov. "This crime cannot be considered solved."
The new details shed further light on a case that has drawn international scrutiny and suggested that a degree of progress has been made in a investigation that Politkovskaya's friends and supporters have worried had been stalled and undermined by internal disarray.
Politkovskaya, a tireless critic of the Kremlin and President Vladimir Putin, was an advocate of victims of human rights abuses, especially those from the two wars in Chechnya since 1994. She was shot multiple times with a pistol at the entrance to her apartment building on Oct. 7, 2006.
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The killing, which coincided with Putin's 54th birthday and became another in a string of murders of journalists in Russia, drew international condemnation and demands for a vigorous investigation.
In the year since, it has been framed as a challenge to Putin's legacy - an example of the criminality, corruption and culture of impunity beneath the surface of the partial recovery of Russia's economy and the Kremlin's confidence that have accompanied Putin's rule.
The case has proved a challenge to Novaya Gazeta as well. Long a sharp critic of Russia's government, the paper has cooperated closely with the team of investigators from the federal General Prosecutor's office, and withheld publishing many details of both the prosecutors' work and the newspaper's own parallel investigation.
Last Friday, as editors and reporters put the last touches on a special edition of the newspaper to mark the one-year anniversary of the killing, Muratov said the special report would commemorate Politkovskaya and disclose important new information. But it would not be a full accounting of what the editors know.
Instead, Muratov said, he was focused on helping prosecutors glean the remaining facts required to arrest both the gunman and the man who hired him.
Eleven people have been arrested in the case so far, and nine have been held on charges, Muratov said. He added that the suspects in custody were middlemen and accomplices in the crime, but that important suspects remain at large, and the newspaper is taking care not to compromise the investigation with leaks.
"My main task is not to give interviews and to write stories," Muratov said. "I want the bastards in jail."
Muratov provided advance copies of the two main articles of the special issue to The New York Times. One is an extended interview with Petros Garibyan, the prosecutor leading the government's investigation.
Garibyan's account differed slightly from Muratov's, saying that 10 men were in custody thus far, not nine. But he agreed that the identity of the man who shot Politkovskaya has been established.
"We have not charged the killer yet, but we know who he is," Garibyan said, according to the interview. Garibyan did not answer several calls on his cellphone on Sunday.
The second article, called "Anna and the Clown," is a description of the ordeal of Eduard Ponikarov, who in 2002, the article said, was beaten for hours by several men, including then-Major Pavel Ryaguzov of the FSB, the domestic successor to the KGB.
Ryaguzov sought to torture Ponikarov into submission with the goal of making him an FSB informant, code-named "Clown," who could be ruled by fear, Muratov said.
Instead, Ponikarov survived and lodged formal complaints with the authorities. But the case gained no traction and no one was punished, although Ryaguzov and an accomplice were identified, according to the special report.
Ryaguzov was later promoted to colonel. He is now one of the suspects detained in the Politkovskaya case and has been accused by prosecutors of assisting Politkovskaya's killers by giving them her home address.
Muratov and the special report suggest that the handling of the Ponikarov affair was an example of the culture of impunity for law enforcement officers in Russia that contributed to Politkovskaya's death.
If the men who tormented Ponikarov had been arrested in 2002, the newspaper's report says, "perhaps Anna Politkovskaya would still be alive."
Ponikarov, reached at home by telephone on Sunday, confirmed that Novaya Gazeta's account of his beating at the hands of the FSB officer was accurate.
Yuri Chaika, Russia's prosecutor general, said in August that Politkovskaya's killing had been ordered from abroad with the aim of destabilizing Russia. Muratov said last week that he knew of no evidence of foreign involvement and that he believed that Politkovskaya was killed because she was investigating corruption within Russia.
"According to our opinion, she touched upon the financial interests of people," he said. "And they decided to make her silent."
Muratov also distanced himself from Kremlin detractors who say that Putin directly ordered the crime. He offered a more nuanced view, saying that Putin's rule has allowed a climate in which journalists have been killed with impunity, but that the Russian president did not put out Politkovskaya's murder for hire.
Instead, he said, the Kremlin has built a regime in which her death is assumed to be allowed, and powerful criminals within the government and law enforcement agencies do as they please
"The power has created a climate in which journalists are enemies, democracy is not an efficient way of management or rule, and the special services are a new ruling class, a ruling elite, to which everything is permitted," he said. "When there is no parliamentary or public control of the special services, it is this atmosphere of censorship and permissiveness that brought this result."
But the identity of the person who ordered the killing has not been determined and the man who shot Politkovskaya has not been found and arrested, the editor said. He added that more time was needed to investigate the case.
"The organizer is free," said the paper's editor in chief, Dmitry Muratov. "This crime cannot be considered solved."
The new details shed further light on a case that has drawn international scrutiny and suggested that a degree of progress has been made in a investigation that Politkovskaya's friends and supporters have worried had been stalled and undermined by internal disarray.
Politkovskaya, a tireless critic of the Kremlin and President Vladimir Putin, was an advocate of victims of human rights abuses, especially those from the two wars in Chechnya since 1994. She was shot multiple times with a pistol at the entrance to her apartment building on Oct. 7, 2006.
Related Articles
Text: Interview with investigator in journalist's murder
Today in Europe
Vandals puncture a Monet painting at Musée d'Orsay in Paris
Contenders for Columbus's legacy turn to DNA
Pioneering 17th century British scientist's notes now online
The killing, which coincided with Putin's 54th birthday and became another in a string of murders of journalists in Russia, drew international condemnation and demands for a vigorous investigation.
In the year since, it has been framed as a challenge to Putin's legacy - an example of the criminality, corruption and culture of impunity beneath the surface of the partial recovery of Russia's economy and the Kremlin's confidence that have accompanied Putin's rule.
The case has proved a challenge to Novaya Gazeta as well. Long a sharp critic of Russia's government, the paper has cooperated closely with the team of investigators from the federal General Prosecutor's office, and withheld publishing many details of both the prosecutors' work and the newspaper's own parallel investigation.
Last Friday, as editors and reporters put the last touches on a special edition of the newspaper to mark the one-year anniversary of the killing, Muratov said the special report would commemorate Politkovskaya and disclose important new information. But it would not be a full accounting of what the editors know.
Instead, Muratov said, he was focused on helping prosecutors glean the remaining facts required to arrest both the gunman and the man who hired him.
Eleven people have been arrested in the case so far, and nine have been held on charges, Muratov said. He added that the suspects in custody were middlemen and accomplices in the crime, but that important suspects remain at large, and the newspaper is taking care not to compromise the investigation with leaks.
"My main task is not to give interviews and to write stories," Muratov said. "I want the bastards in jail."
Muratov provided advance copies of the two main articles of the special issue to The New York Times. One is an extended interview with Petros Garibyan, the prosecutor leading the government's investigation.
Garibyan's account differed slightly from Muratov's, saying that 10 men were in custody thus far, not nine. But he agreed that the identity of the man who shot Politkovskaya has been established.
"We have not charged the killer yet, but we know who he is," Garibyan said, according to the interview. Garibyan did not answer several calls on his cellphone on Sunday.
The second article, called "Anna and the Clown," is a description of the ordeal of Eduard Ponikarov, who in 2002, the article said, was beaten for hours by several men, including then-Major Pavel Ryaguzov of the FSB, the domestic successor to the KGB.
Ryaguzov sought to torture Ponikarov into submission with the goal of making him an FSB informant, code-named "Clown," who could be ruled by fear, Muratov said.
Instead, Ponikarov survived and lodged formal complaints with the authorities. But the case gained no traction and no one was punished, although Ryaguzov and an accomplice were identified, according to the special report.
Ryaguzov was later promoted to colonel. He is now one of the suspects detained in the Politkovskaya case and has been accused by prosecutors of assisting Politkovskaya's killers by giving them her home address.
Muratov and the special report suggest that the handling of the Ponikarov affair was an example of the culture of impunity for law enforcement officers in Russia that contributed to Politkovskaya's death.
If the men who tormented Ponikarov had been arrested in 2002, the newspaper's report says, "perhaps Anna Politkovskaya would still be alive."
Ponikarov, reached at home by telephone on Sunday, confirmed that Novaya Gazeta's account of his beating at the hands of the FSB officer was accurate.
Yuri Chaika, Russia's prosecutor general, said in August that Politkovskaya's killing had been ordered from abroad with the aim of destabilizing Russia. Muratov said last week that he knew of no evidence of foreign involvement and that he believed that Politkovskaya was killed because she was investigating corruption within Russia.
"According to our opinion, she touched upon the financial interests of people," he said. "And they decided to make her silent."
Muratov also distanced himself from Kremlin detractors who say that Putin directly ordered the crime. He offered a more nuanced view, saying that Putin's rule has allowed a climate in which journalists have been killed with impunity, but that the Russian president did not put out Politkovskaya's murder for hire.
Instead, he said, the Kremlin has built a regime in which her death is assumed to be allowed, and powerful criminals within the government and law enforcement agencies do as they please
"The power has created a climate in which journalists are enemies, democracy is not an efficient way of management or rule, and the special services are a new ruling class, a ruling elite, to which everything is permitted," he said. "When there is no parliamentary or public control of the special services, it is this atmosphere of censorship and permissiveness that brought this result."
Seeking Columbus's origins, with a swab
PARIS: Intruders, apparently drunk, broke into the Musée d'Orsay here early Sunday and punched a hole in a renowned work by the Impressionist master Claude Monet, "Le Pont d'Argenteuil."
A surveillance camera caught a group of four or five people entering the museum, on the Left Bank of the Seine River. An alarm sounded and the group fled, but not before damaging the invaluable painting, Culture Minister Christine Albanel said on the radio station France-Info. No arrests had been made Sunday night.
Albanel said the painting could be restored, but she deplored what she said was an attack on "our memory, our heritage." An aide to the minister said a punch had left a 10-centimeter, or 4-inch, tear in the painting.
Monet was part of the 19th-century Impressionist movement, experimenting notably with light and color. "Le Pont d'Argenteuil" shows a view of the Seine at a rural bend, featuring a bridge and boats.
Albanel said on France-Info that she would seek improved security for French museums and stronger sanctions against those who desecrate art. "This is not tolerable," she said.
Today in Europe
Vandals puncture a Monet painting at Musée d'Orsay in Paris
Contenders for Columbus's legacy turn to DNA
Pioneering 17th century British scientist's notes now online
The break-in occurred as Paris held its annual all-night festival, which brings thousands of people into the streets for concerts and exhibits.
A surveillance camera caught a group of four or five people entering the museum, on the Left Bank of the Seine River. An alarm sounded and the group fled, but not before damaging the invaluable painting, Culture Minister Christine Albanel said on the radio station France-Info. No arrests had been made Sunday night.
Albanel said the painting could be restored, but she deplored what she said was an attack on "our memory, our heritage." An aide to the minister said a punch had left a 10-centimeter, or 4-inch, tear in the painting.
Monet was part of the 19th-century Impressionist movement, experimenting notably with light and color. "Le Pont d'Argenteuil" shows a view of the Seine at a rural bend, featuring a bridge and boats.
Albanel said on France-Info that she would seek improved security for French museums and stronger sanctions against those who desecrate art. "This is not tolerable," she said.
Today in Europe
Vandals puncture a Monet painting at Musée d'Orsay in Paris
Contenders for Columbus's legacy turn to DNA
Pioneering 17th century British scientist's notes now online
The break-in occurred as Paris held its annual all-night festival, which brings thousands of people into the streets for concerts and exhibits.
Seeking Columbus's origins, with a swab 2
But some petitioners think it is a waste of time to scour the phone book for Columbus's long-lost kin. Insisting that they know who Columbus's father really was, they are asking Lorente to perform a 500-year postdated paternity test. The government council president of Majorca, for instance, has paid him to examine the exhumed remains of Prince Carlos of Viana, the one-time heir to the Catalonian crown who reportedly fathered a son with a woman on the island whose last name was Colom.
The vials of royal DNA in Lorente's freezer also include contributions from two living members of the now deposed Portuguese royal line: those of the Duke of Bragança and the Count of Ribeira Grande who argue that Columbus was a member of their family — the product of an extramarital affair involving a Portuguese prince.
"This is the true story, forget the Italians, forget the Spanish," said Count Jose Ribeira, 47, a real estate developer in Lisbon who attended the dedication of a new Columbus monument last year in the Portuguese town of Cuba that claims to be Columbus's birthplace. If it is, all three samples should contain the same Portuguese genetic imprint.
But this year, anyway, the Columbus Day parade in New York will feature Maserati sports cars, flag throwers from Siena and Lidia Bastianich, the Italian cooking show host, as grand marshal.
Those who had hoped DNA would crash the Italian party expected a genetic pronouncement from the scientists on the 500th anniversary of Columbus's death last May. Or last Columbus Day. Surely by this one. After all those centuries in a crypt, however, a mere trace of DNA was all that could be extracted from Columbus's bones, and Lorente has said he is loath to use it indiscriminately.
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To make things even tougher, he has found that Catalonian Coloms and Genoese Colombos are so closely related it is hard to distinguish them with the standard Y-chromosome tests. So he is searching for more subtle differences that would allow him to link Columbus to a single lineage.
"My heart," Albardaner said, "will not endure so many delays."
Others have accused Lorente of nationalist bias, of covering up results that suggest Columbus was a Jew and of withholding a historical treasure from the Western world.
"Will Lorente continue to hide what the scientists know concerning Columbus's DNA?" asked Peter Dickson, a retired CIA analyst whose self-published book on Columbus argues that he was part French, part Italian, part Spanish and part Jewish, in an e-mail message to fellow Columbus buffs. "Will he remain silent on Columbus Day once again?"
Lorente says he will. And in the absence of data, rumors are flying.
Olga Rickards, a Lorente collaborator at Tor Vergata University in Rome, has been quoted as saying that she "wouldn't bet on Columbus being Spanish." A graduate student of Lorente's who had studied the Colombo DNA led Italian newspapers to believe Columbus was from Lombardy, north of Genoa, although she had apparently never seen Columbus's DNA. And Nito Verdera, a journalist from the Balaeric island of Ibiza, who says the explorer was a Catalan-speaking Ibizan crypto-Jew, cited leaks from Lorente's team that link Columbus to North Africa.
"I'm very sorry about the great expectation among some historians that they all want the DNA to confirm their hypothesis," Lorente said. "But science needs its time and has its pace."
If Columbus was an adopted name, as some scholars believe, tests of Coloms and Colombos will have been in vain. Moreover, with dozens of generations separating all those Coloms, Colombos, princes and counts from Columbus's time, a long-hidden adulterous liaison could have severed the Y-chromosome-and-surname link.
Even with a match questions will remain. What if Coloms moved to Genoa or Colombos to Barcelona? Today's distinct regional identities may not be reflected in the genetic code of the earlier era.
Albardaner still brings Columbus novices to the Historic Archive of Protocols in Barcelona, where they can hold a yellowed note from the 15th century filled with the calligraphic scrawl of the man he believes stumbled upon the Caribbean while looking for a western route to India.
He is less sure now that there will be a precise answer to who Columbus was or where he was from, but he is still hoping it will come from the DNA.
The vials of royal DNA in Lorente's freezer also include contributions from two living members of the now deposed Portuguese royal line: those of the Duke of Bragança and the Count of Ribeira Grande who argue that Columbus was a member of their family — the product of an extramarital affair involving a Portuguese prince.
"This is the true story, forget the Italians, forget the Spanish," said Count Jose Ribeira, 47, a real estate developer in Lisbon who attended the dedication of a new Columbus monument last year in the Portuguese town of Cuba that claims to be Columbus's birthplace. If it is, all three samples should contain the same Portuguese genetic imprint.
But this year, anyway, the Columbus Day parade in New York will feature Maserati sports cars, flag throwers from Siena and Lidia Bastianich, the Italian cooking show host, as grand marshal.
Those who had hoped DNA would crash the Italian party expected a genetic pronouncement from the scientists on the 500th anniversary of Columbus's death last May. Or last Columbus Day. Surely by this one. After all those centuries in a crypt, however, a mere trace of DNA was all that could be extracted from Columbus's bones, and Lorente has said he is loath to use it indiscriminately.
Today in Americas
Seeking Columbus's origins, with a swab
Disease toll raises fears in a struggling New England town
Thousands of walruses flock to Alaska shore
To make things even tougher, he has found that Catalonian Coloms and Genoese Colombos are so closely related it is hard to distinguish them with the standard Y-chromosome tests. So he is searching for more subtle differences that would allow him to link Columbus to a single lineage.
"My heart," Albardaner said, "will not endure so many delays."
Others have accused Lorente of nationalist bias, of covering up results that suggest Columbus was a Jew and of withholding a historical treasure from the Western world.
"Will Lorente continue to hide what the scientists know concerning Columbus's DNA?" asked Peter Dickson, a retired CIA analyst whose self-published book on Columbus argues that he was part French, part Italian, part Spanish and part Jewish, in an e-mail message to fellow Columbus buffs. "Will he remain silent on Columbus Day once again?"
Lorente says he will. And in the absence of data, rumors are flying.
Olga Rickards, a Lorente collaborator at Tor Vergata University in Rome, has been quoted as saying that she "wouldn't bet on Columbus being Spanish." A graduate student of Lorente's who had studied the Colombo DNA led Italian newspapers to believe Columbus was from Lombardy, north of Genoa, although she had apparently never seen Columbus's DNA. And Nito Verdera, a journalist from the Balaeric island of Ibiza, who says the explorer was a Catalan-speaking Ibizan crypto-Jew, cited leaks from Lorente's team that link Columbus to North Africa.
"I'm very sorry about the great expectation among some historians that they all want the DNA to confirm their hypothesis," Lorente said. "But science needs its time and has its pace."
If Columbus was an adopted name, as some scholars believe, tests of Coloms and Colombos will have been in vain. Moreover, with dozens of generations separating all those Coloms, Colombos, princes and counts from Columbus's time, a long-hidden adulterous liaison could have severed the Y-chromosome-and-surname link.
Even with a match questions will remain. What if Coloms moved to Genoa or Colombos to Barcelona? Today's distinct regional identities may not be reflected in the genetic code of the earlier era.
Albardaner still brings Columbus novices to the Historic Archive of Protocols in Barcelona, where they can hold a yellowed note from the 15th century filled with the calligraphic scrawl of the man he believes stumbled upon the Caribbean while looking for a western route to India.
He is less sure now that there will be a precise answer to who Columbus was or where he was from, but he is still hoping it will come from the DNA.
Seeking Columbus's origins, with a swab 1
BARCELONA, Spain: When schoolchildren turn to the chapter on Christopher Columbus's humble origins as the son of a weaver in Genoa, they are not generally told that he might instead have been born out of wedlock to a Portuguese prince. Or that he might have been a Jew whose parents converted to escape the Spanish Inquisition. Or a rebel in the medieval kingdom of Catalonia.
Yet with little evidence to support them, multiple theories of Columbus's early years have long found devoted proponents among those who would claim alternative bragging rights to the famous explorer. And now, five centuries after he opened the door to the New World, Columbus's revisionist biographers have found a new hope for vindication.
The Age of Discovery has discovered DNA.
In 2004, a Spanish geneticist, Dr. Jose Lorente, extracted genetic material from a cache of Columbus's bones in Seville to settle a dispute about where he was buried. Ever since, he has been beset by amateur historians, government officials and self-styled Columbus relatives of multiple nationalities clamoring for a genetic retelling of the standard textbook tale.
Even adherents of the Italian orthodoxy concede that little is known about the provenance of the Great Navigator, who seems to have purposely obscured his past. But contenders for his legacy have no compunction about prospecting for his secrets in the cells he took to his grave. And the arrival on Oct. 8 of another anniversary of Columbus's first landfall in the Bahamas has only sharpened their appetite for a genetic verdict, preferably in their own favor.
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Seeking Columbus's origins, with a swab
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A Genoese Cristoforo Colombo almost certainly did exist. Archives record his birth and early life. But there is little to tie that man to the one who crossed the Atlantic in 1492. Snippets from Columbus's life point all around the southern European coast. He kept books in Catalan and his handwriting has, according to some, a Catalonian flair. He married a Portuguese noblewoman. He wrote in Castilian. He decorated his letters with a Hebrew cartouche.
Since it seems now that the best bet for deducing Columbus's true hometown is to look for a genetic match in places where he might have lived, hundreds of Spaniards, Italians, and even a few Frenchmen have happily swabbed their cheeks to supply cells for comparison.
"You would be proud to know that the man that goes to America the first time was Catalan," said Jordi Colom, 51, an executive at a local television station whose saliva sample will help test the contention that Columbus was born in Catalonia, the once-independent eastern region of modern Spain that still fosters its own language, culture and designs on independence.
No chance, said Renato Colombo, 62, a retired Italian engineer who proffered his DNA to reassert his nation's hold on the status quo. "It has never been in doubt that he was from Liguria," the region in northwest Italy of which Genoa is the capital, he insisted. "In his personality, there are the characteristics of the Genoese, mostly represented by his project and his visceral attachment to money and his determination."
Colom and Colombo are both "Columbus" in their native tongues. And along with their names, each inherited from his father a Y chromosome — a sliver of DNA passed exclusively from father to son — which would have been virtually unchanged since the 15th century. A Columbus match to either man's Y chromosome would tie him to that paternal line's Italian or Catalonian home.
"What I want to write is the final book on Columbus, and I will not be able to do it without science to settle this," said Francesc Albardaner, who was seduced by the possibility that DNA — a tool whose answers are treated as indisputable fact in courtrooms and on TV shows — would endorse his deeply held belief in the Catalonian Columbus.
Albardaner, a Barcelona architect, took more than three months off work, called 2,000 Coloms and persuaded 225 of them to scrape their cheeks at his Center for Columbus Studies in Barcelona. The swabs along with 100 Colombos collected in Italy are being analyzed by Lorente at the University of Granada and scientists in Rome.
A Colom match could overturn conventional wisdom about the nationality, class, religion, and motives of the man who began the age of American colonization. On the other hand, an association with Colombo DNA would cement Italy's national pride in a man who remains a hero to many, complaints from American Indians he slaughtered, Africans he enslaved and Vikings who got there first notwithstanding.
Yet with little evidence to support them, multiple theories of Columbus's early years have long found devoted proponents among those who would claim alternative bragging rights to the famous explorer. And now, five centuries after he opened the door to the New World, Columbus's revisionist biographers have found a new hope for vindication.
The Age of Discovery has discovered DNA.
In 2004, a Spanish geneticist, Dr. Jose Lorente, extracted genetic material from a cache of Columbus's bones in Seville to settle a dispute about where he was buried. Ever since, he has been beset by amateur historians, government officials and self-styled Columbus relatives of multiple nationalities clamoring for a genetic retelling of the standard textbook tale.
Even adherents of the Italian orthodoxy concede that little is known about the provenance of the Great Navigator, who seems to have purposely obscured his past. But contenders for his legacy have no compunction about prospecting for his secrets in the cells he took to his grave. And the arrival on Oct. 8 of another anniversary of Columbus's first landfall in the Bahamas has only sharpened their appetite for a genetic verdict, preferably in their own favor.
Today in Americas
Seeking Columbus's origins, with a swab
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A Genoese Cristoforo Colombo almost certainly did exist. Archives record his birth and early life. But there is little to tie that man to the one who crossed the Atlantic in 1492. Snippets from Columbus's life point all around the southern European coast. He kept books in Catalan and his handwriting has, according to some, a Catalonian flair. He married a Portuguese noblewoman. He wrote in Castilian. He decorated his letters with a Hebrew cartouche.
Since it seems now that the best bet for deducing Columbus's true hometown is to look for a genetic match in places where he might have lived, hundreds of Spaniards, Italians, and even a few Frenchmen have happily swabbed their cheeks to supply cells for comparison.
"You would be proud to know that the man that goes to America the first time was Catalan," said Jordi Colom, 51, an executive at a local television station whose saliva sample will help test the contention that Columbus was born in Catalonia, the once-independent eastern region of modern Spain that still fosters its own language, culture and designs on independence.
No chance, said Renato Colombo, 62, a retired Italian engineer who proffered his DNA to reassert his nation's hold on the status quo. "It has never been in doubt that he was from Liguria," the region in northwest Italy of which Genoa is the capital, he insisted. "In his personality, there are the characteristics of the Genoese, mostly represented by his project and his visceral attachment to money and his determination."
Colom and Colombo are both "Columbus" in their native tongues. And along with their names, each inherited from his father a Y chromosome — a sliver of DNA passed exclusively from father to son — which would have been virtually unchanged since the 15th century. A Columbus match to either man's Y chromosome would tie him to that paternal line's Italian or Catalonian home.
"What I want to write is the final book on Columbus, and I will not be able to do it without science to settle this," said Francesc Albardaner, who was seduced by the possibility that DNA — a tool whose answers are treated as indisputable fact in courtrooms and on TV shows — would endorse his deeply held belief in the Catalonian Columbus.
Albardaner, a Barcelona architect, took more than three months off work, called 2,000 Coloms and persuaded 225 of them to scrape their cheeks at his Center for Columbus Studies in Barcelona. The swabs along with 100 Colombos collected in Italy are being analyzed by Lorente at the University of Granada and scientists in Rome.
A Colom match could overturn conventional wisdom about the nationality, class, religion, and motives of the man who began the age of American colonization. On the other hand, an association with Colombo DNA would cement Italy's national pride in a man who remains a hero to many, complaints from American Indians he slaughtered, Africans he enslaved and Vikings who got there first notwithstanding.
中国金融30年：你和你的财富管理
如果“月光宝盒”把你一下子放回到1978年，我猜想，你会全然不习惯周遭的生活方式以及“财富密码”。那时，你辛苦了一年，创造人均GDP计有381元(推算，当时甚至没有GDP这个统计项目)；你节俭了一年，年底存入银行存款计有21.88元；想去找个证券营业部炒股票？你会发现，身边的人对你这个“无理愿望”毫无回应；作为一位金融专业人士，当你说起期货、债券甚至衍生品的时候，大家会认为你简直是“天外来客”。最后，身边的人们会很同情地看着你问：你有粮票吗？
当“月光宝盒”把你重新送回今天时，我猜想，你会长舒一口气。那么，在惊魂安定之后，请和我们一起来回溯这过往的中国金融财富30年，这将有助于你对刚才的“跨时空体验”形成更深刻的理解。为了给记忆留下明晰的刻度，我们定义了若干“元年”：1979年，国内保险业务恢复，是为“保险元年”；1981年，国债发行恢复，是为“国债元年”；1986年，首个证券柜台交易点设立，是为“证券元年”；1990年，郑州商品交易所成立，是为“期货元年”；1994年，中国外汇交易中心诞生，是为“汇改元年”；1998年，首批证券投资基金启动，是为“基金元年”；2005年，股改启动，是为“股改元年”；2006年，中国金融全面对外开放，是为“金融开放元年”……这些错落有致的“元年”勾画出的，正是中国金融改革30年的轨迹，也是中国金融财富变迁30年的图谱。
和这些“元年”交织在一起的，如同《时代周刊》的年度人物所表达的那样，是作为个人的“你”在中国金融财富变迁中角色的凸显。人均存款(原始数据为城镇居民存款)是一个最简单的数据，你面对的将是一条陡峭的曲线：从1978年的不足22元，攀升到到当下近13000元(按当年价格计算)，增长了近600倍。考虑到“金融脱媒”因素，个人金融财富的积累速度其实还要远高于储蓄存款的增长速度。看看同期人均GDP的数据，从1978年的381元，增长到目前的近16000元(按当年价格计算)，增长40余倍。两相比较不难得出一个结论：在国民财富的分配中，个人财富的增长远快于整体GDP增长。这意味着，在国家和个人的财富分配中，“你”逐渐扮演了前所未有的“强势”角色。
而这恰恰是一系列改革，特别是金融改革的产物。更多地依赖市场而不是计划(政府)来配置金融资产，这是过往金融改革的精髓和方向——让商业银行恢复“商业”本色、通过更多的金融机构准入提高市场效率、让市场来决定资金和外汇的价格、给市场更多的金融产品和交易场所、给公司更多更市场化的融资机会，等等。金融市场化前行带来了两个令人欣喜的结果：一是得益于经济润滑剂——金融体系效率的提高，整个经济的效率得以提高；二是伴随着效率和产出的增加，个人所拥有的绝对和相对财富总量增加了，所谓“藏富于民”"讲的就是这个意思。
行文至此，我们可以来谈谈那个时髦的词——“财富管理”了。极大地扩展了个人理财(Personal Finance)的外延和基准，财富管理(Wealth Management)看起来有多个维度和更高的门槛：从个人的维度看，狭义财富管理更多针对高端富裕人士，正如一些财富报告中提出的HNWIs(High Net Wealth Individuals)，这也是一些消费金融机构的“私人银行”(Private Banking)部门不遗余力要锁定的人群。不过，广义财富管理的外延远不止于此，“国家财富管理”显然就是一个更为宏大的主题，也将聚集更多的财富存量。专业人士近来津津乐道的KIC、GIC、淡马锡、即将呱呱落地的CIC, 以及主权财富基金(Sovereign Wealth Fund)，都是这方面的关键词。
对于中国而言，和成熟的市场经济不同，“国家财富管理”还具有别样的非凡意义。由于我们行进在市场化的路途上，中国拥有全球罕见的“国有资产存量”，除了金融资产和国有企业的资产外，土地、矿山和自然资源都是国家财富的一部分，随着中国工业化和城市化的进程，这些财富还将以令人瞠目的速度增值。这些国家财富其实也是国民的财富，和每一个“你”息息相关。这部分国民财富的“财富管理”对于中国的可持续增长至关重要。充分运用现代金融工具对其进行管理，应当成为未来中国财富管理的核心内容。一些有识之士已经提出了极具建设性的方案：譬如，按照私人股权投资基金的合约模式机构化持有国有股权，实现保值增值；又如，将国家财富转化为现金，用于全民的社保体系构建，等等。
最后，让我们用一个令人头痛的关键词来结束“财富管理”这个令人愉悦的主题，那就是风险。一个有趣的现象是，金融创新一般是为了对冲风险而诞生，但在金融市场的漫漫长途中，创新却往往催生更大的风险甚至危机，很多衍生品都讲述了这样的故事。管理财富，亦即管理风险，在义无反顾地融入全球金融体系的门槛边，回首中国金融30年财富变迁，如何审慎规避风险，驾驭好财富管理，这将成为我们不能逃避的必修课。
当“月光宝盒”把你重新送回今天时，我猜想，你会长舒一口气。那么，在惊魂安定之后，请和我们一起来回溯这过往的中国金融财富30年，这将有助于你对刚才的“跨时空体验”形成更深刻的理解。为了给记忆留下明晰的刻度，我们定义了若干“元年”：1979年，国内保险业务恢复，是为“保险元年”；1981年，国债发行恢复，是为“国债元年”；1986年，首个证券柜台交易点设立，是为“证券元年”；1990年，郑州商品交易所成立，是为“期货元年”；1994年，中国外汇交易中心诞生，是为“汇改元年”；1998年，首批证券投资基金启动，是为“基金元年”；2005年，股改启动，是为“股改元年”；2006年，中国金融全面对外开放，是为“金融开放元年”……这些错落有致的“元年”勾画出的，正是中国金融改革30年的轨迹，也是中国金融财富变迁30年的图谱。
和这些“元年”交织在一起的，如同《时代周刊》的年度人物所表达的那样，是作为个人的“你”在中国金融财富变迁中角色的凸显。人均存款(原始数据为城镇居民存款)是一个最简单的数据，你面对的将是一条陡峭的曲线：从1978年的不足22元，攀升到到当下近13000元(按当年价格计算)，增长了近600倍。考虑到“金融脱媒”因素，个人金融财富的积累速度其实还要远高于储蓄存款的增长速度。看看同期人均GDP的数据，从1978年的381元，增长到目前的近16000元(按当年价格计算)，增长40余倍。两相比较不难得出一个结论：在国民财富的分配中，个人财富的增长远快于整体GDP增长。这意味着，在国家和个人的财富分配中，“你”逐渐扮演了前所未有的“强势”角色。
而这恰恰是一系列改革，特别是金融改革的产物。更多地依赖市场而不是计划(政府)来配置金融资产，这是过往金融改革的精髓和方向——让商业银行恢复“商业”本色、通过更多的金融机构准入提高市场效率、让市场来决定资金和外汇的价格、给市场更多的金融产品和交易场所、给公司更多更市场化的融资机会，等等。金融市场化前行带来了两个令人欣喜的结果：一是得益于经济润滑剂——金融体系效率的提高，整个经济的效率得以提高；二是伴随着效率和产出的增加，个人所拥有的绝对和相对财富总量增加了，所谓“藏富于民”"讲的就是这个意思。
行文至此，我们可以来谈谈那个时髦的词——“财富管理”了。极大地扩展了个人理财(Personal Finance)的外延和基准，财富管理(Wealth Management)看起来有多个维度和更高的门槛：从个人的维度看，狭义财富管理更多针对高端富裕人士，正如一些财富报告中提出的HNWIs(High Net Wealth Individuals)，这也是一些消费金融机构的“私人银行”(Private Banking)部门不遗余力要锁定的人群。不过，广义财富管理的外延远不止于此，“国家财富管理”显然就是一个更为宏大的主题，也将聚集更多的财富存量。专业人士近来津津乐道的KIC、GIC、淡马锡、即将呱呱落地的CIC, 以及主权财富基金(Sovereign Wealth Fund)，都是这方面的关键词。
对于中国而言，和成熟的市场经济不同，“国家财富管理”还具有别样的非凡意义。由于我们行进在市场化的路途上，中国拥有全球罕见的“国有资产存量”，除了金融资产和国有企业的资产外，土地、矿山和自然资源都是国家财富的一部分，随着中国工业化和城市化的进程，这些财富还将以令人瞠目的速度增值。这些国家财富其实也是国民的财富，和每一个“你”息息相关。这部分国民财富的“财富管理”对于中国的可持续增长至关重要。充分运用现代金融工具对其进行管理，应当成为未来中国财富管理的核心内容。一些有识之士已经提出了极具建设性的方案：譬如，按照私人股权投资基金的合约模式机构化持有国有股权，实现保值增值；又如，将国家财富转化为现金，用于全民的社保体系构建，等等。
最后，让我们用一个令人头痛的关键词来结束“财富管理”这个令人愉悦的主题，那就是风险。一个有趣的现象是，金融创新一般是为了对冲风险而诞生，但在金融市场的漫漫长途中，创新却往往催生更大的风险甚至危机，很多衍生品都讲述了这样的故事。管理财富，亦即管理风险，在义无反顾地融入全球金融体系的门槛边，回首中国金融30年财富变迁，如何审慎规避风险，驾驭好财富管理，这将成为我们不能逃避的必修课。
五大国际娱乐休闲项目上海路演 看好内地市场发展前景
在环球嘉年华、太阳马戏相继在上海成功举办后,又有一批大型娱乐项目将目光投向了内地市场。日前,香港创意时代公司和上海唐研公关顾问联合在光大会展中心召开项目推介会,一举推出“世界机器人展”、“威尼斯面具节”、“舞动欧洲嘉年华”、“烟火舞台剧”及“世界爬行动物展”等五个大型娱乐休闲项目,并公开征寻项目合作伙伴。上海旅游节组委会、浦东商会、上海浦东国际展览公司等30余家企业和机构均派代表出席了此次会议。
据了解,创意时代是香港最主要的大型展览、国外著名表演团体及宣传活动主办公司之一,“跨世纪机械人博览会”、每年一届的“慈善名人名厨美食嘉年华”等港岛大型活动都由其主办。此次推介会是创意时代首次正式现身内地市场,五个项目都由其从国外引进,并在香港成功举办过:“世界机器人展”将全面展示包括世界仿真度最高的机器美女——木户小姐、重达850公斤的喜马拉雅山机器人猿以及能够看护病人的医疗机器人在内当今世界最新最全的机器人;“烟火舞台剧”则是一种融合科技、艺术、音乐等元素的新型表演模式,随着情节的发展以及剧中人物情绪变化,烟火呈现方式都将各不相同;“世界爬行动物展”是世界各大洲爬行类动物的一个大集会,将给观众带来一场生动的科普教育课;“威尼斯面具节”和“舞动欧洲嘉年华”则都是具有悠久历史的欧洲传统狂欢活动,其中威尼斯历史上最早的面具狂欢节更可追溯至1268年5月2日。
“随着内地居民生活水平的大幅度提高,特别是在上海、北京等大城市,市民对于艺术娱乐的需求正在迅速增长。”创意时代总监姚伟基表示,“我们希望能够将最时尚、新兴的国外艺术流行趋势带到中国的各个城市,让更多的国民分享国外艺术的感悟。”据其介绍,五个项目目前均已进入实际运作,优先考虑在上海举办。
# # #
唐研文化传播有限公司简介
上海唐研公关顾问有限公司是基于市场经济高度发达,市场在商品流转环节中的地位日趋重要的情况下应运而生。随着中国经济的高速发展,越来越多的企业投身到中国的市场中来,产品在市场中的竞争越来越大。产品除了本身的质量好坏以外,市场策略及推广将成为关键。上海唐研公关顾问有限公司的特长就是利用旗下拥有不同专长的人才整合起来,形成一支强而有力的团队,为客户在市场的竞争中占得先机。
据了解,创意时代是香港最主要的大型展览、国外著名表演团体及宣传活动主办公司之一,“跨世纪机械人博览会”、每年一届的“慈善名人名厨美食嘉年华”等港岛大型活动都由其主办。此次推介会是创意时代首次正式现身内地市场,五个项目都由其从国外引进,并在香港成功举办过:“世界机器人展”将全面展示包括世界仿真度最高的机器美女——木户小姐、重达850公斤的喜马拉雅山机器人猿以及能够看护病人的医疗机器人在内当今世界最新最全的机器人;“烟火舞台剧”则是一种融合科技、艺术、音乐等元素的新型表演模式,随着情节的发展以及剧中人物情绪变化,烟火呈现方式都将各不相同;“世界爬行动物展”是世界各大洲爬行类动物的一个大集会,将给观众带来一场生动的科普教育课;“威尼斯面具节”和“舞动欧洲嘉年华”则都是具有悠久历史的欧洲传统狂欢活动,其中威尼斯历史上最早的面具狂欢节更可追溯至1268年5月2日。
“随着内地居民生活水平的大幅度提高,特别是在上海、北京等大城市,市民对于艺术娱乐的需求正在迅速增长。”创意时代总监姚伟基表示,“我们希望能够将最时尚、新兴的国外艺术流行趋势带到中国的各个城市,让更多的国民分享国外艺术的感悟。”据其介绍,五个项目目前均已进入实际运作,优先考虑在上海举办。
# # #
唐研文化传播有限公司简介
上海唐研公关顾问有限公司是基于市场经济高度发达,市场在商品流转环节中的地位日趋重要的情况下应运而生。随着中国经济的高速发展,越来越多的企业投身到中国的市场中来,产品在市场中的竞争越来越大。产品除了本身的质量好坏以外,市场策略及推广将成为关键。上海唐研公关顾问有限公司的特长就是利用旗下拥有不同专长的人才整合起来,形成一支强而有力的团队,为客户在市场的竞争中占得先机。
今年经济走势将高位稳定
今年以来，因食品价格涨幅较大，并推动居民消费价格提高，由此引发了人们对于我国经济走势的担心。作者认为：由于坚持目前的宏观调控政策，我国近期出现投资反弹的可能性不大；虽然CPI有所上涨，但国内消费增长比较稳定，对年度经济增长不会产生大的扰动；随着我国一系列限制“两高一资”产品出口政策措施逐渐地发挥作
用，我国出口增长也将逐步趋稳。
因此，从目前我国投资、消费、出口这三项需求的增长速度来看，我国经济的整体走势在2007年将保持高位稳定的态势。
决定经济增长水平的主要是投资、消费、出口这三项需求的增长速度，而从目前情况看，我们预计今年全年这三项需求增长将大体稳定。所以我国经济的整体走势也将保持高位稳定的态势。
投资反弹的可能性不大
今年以来，我国投资增长有加快迹象，我们认为，这主要是恢复性质。其主要根据是：第一，上年末投资增幅偏低。去年12月城镇固定资产投资仅增长10.4％。第二，当前投资增幅提高得不多。今年上半年固定资产投资同比增长25.9％，增幅较去年末提高1.9个百分点，但较去年同期仍然低3.9个百分点。2003年到2006年，我国固定资产投资年均增长26％，当前投资增长仍然保持这一水平。第三，今年新开工项目的增加，起点比较低，也属恢复性增长。
未来我国投资增长的趋势主要取决于市场变化和投资调控政策的实施情况。从市场方面看，竞争比较激烈，实体经济的投资预期回报率不高，企业投资比较谨慎，据国家统计局的调查，反映企业对市场前景预期的采购经理人指数已经开始下降。从投资调控政策看：近年来逐步形成了“两道闸门”、“一个门槛” 的调控手段，收到明显成效。尽管今年有地方政府换届、召开十七大等政治因素，但中央一直强调严格控制固定资产投资过快增长，继续严把“两道闸门”，完善市场准入制度，对典型违规事件坚持从严处理，因此，有利于抑制地方政府推动的投资明显反弹。
消费增长比较稳定
今年以来，消费持续活跃，对经济增长的源头性拉动作用逐步增强。由于消费需求取决于居民收入水平、收入预期和家庭预算约束，不会出现大起大落的情况，对今年经济增长不会产生大的扰动。需要注意的是，消费需求虽然不会对年度内的经济增长产生大的影响，但消费结构升级对中长期经济增长则具有决定性作用。我国1998年以后的内需不足，一个重要原因是国内消费结构升级没有启动；而2001年以后的消费需求趋旺，则主要是由于居民消费结构向改善居住、出行条件等方面的升级。
我们应当保持消费需求的活跃，逐步加大消费对经济增长的贡献。同时也要看到，这一轮消费结构升级以买房、装修和买车为消费热点，对房地产投资和重化工业发展的带动作用较强，对资源环境的压力也在加大。如果这些方面的消费需求过于旺盛，对稳定房地产市场、稳定房地产投资、稳定重化工原材料工业的发展，缓解经济增长与资源环境之间的矛盾，将产生负面影响。因此，对消费需求，特别是居民家庭的买房、买车活动，也要注意引导，使之保持稳定。
出口增长预计将逐步趋稳
首先，政府近期采取的限制“两高一资”产品出口等政策措施（分别于4月份、6月份、7月份实施），将越来越明显地发挥作用。据有关估计，全部“两高一资”产品大约占我国整个出口产品近三分之一，今年以来其出口增速明显高于总的出口增速。因此，相关政策的针对性是比较强的。此外，美国经济增速放慢会影响国际贸易量的扩大，对我国一般贸易出口将形成较大制约。
其次，人民币汇率升值步伐逐步加快，对一般贸易出口的约束将进一步显现。
第三，汇率升值和利用外资政策的调整，以及国内土地、劳动力成本的逐步提高，也将逐步约束外商投资增长，进而影响到加工贸易的增长。2003－2006年，加工贸易出口增速由34％降低到22％，今年上半年，继续保持在22％的增长水平，明显低于一般贸易出口增长。预计未来这一态势将继续保持。综合以上情况，预计下半年乃至全年出口增长将稳中趋降。
总结以上分析，可以认为，未来投资、消费、出口三项需求很可能呈现高位趋稳或略有降低的态势。在需求引导下，预计今年经济增长也将高位趋稳或略有降低。在继续坚持控制投资和出口过快增长的前提下，预计经济增长率将略有回落，全年GDP增长率在11％左右。
用，我国出口增长也将逐步趋稳。
因此，从目前我国投资、消费、出口这三项需求的增长速度来看，我国经济的整体走势在2007年将保持高位稳定的态势。
决定经济增长水平的主要是投资、消费、出口这三项需求的增长速度，而从目前情况看，我们预计今年全年这三项需求增长将大体稳定。所以我国经济的整体走势也将保持高位稳定的态势。
投资反弹的可能性不大
今年以来，我国投资增长有加快迹象，我们认为，这主要是恢复性质。其主要根据是：第一，上年末投资增幅偏低。去年12月城镇固定资产投资仅增长10.4％。第二，当前投资增幅提高得不多。今年上半年固定资产投资同比增长25.9％，增幅较去年末提高1.9个百分点，但较去年同期仍然低3.9个百分点。2003年到2006年，我国固定资产投资年均增长26％，当前投资增长仍然保持这一水平。第三，今年新开工项目的增加，起点比较低，也属恢复性增长。
未来我国投资增长的趋势主要取决于市场变化和投资调控政策的实施情况。从市场方面看，竞争比较激烈，实体经济的投资预期回报率不高，企业投资比较谨慎，据国家统计局的调查，反映企业对市场前景预期的采购经理人指数已经开始下降。从投资调控政策看：近年来逐步形成了“两道闸门”、“一个门槛” 的调控手段，收到明显成效。尽管今年有地方政府换届、召开十七大等政治因素，但中央一直强调严格控制固定资产投资过快增长，继续严把“两道闸门”，完善市场准入制度，对典型违规事件坚持从严处理，因此，有利于抑制地方政府推动的投资明显反弹。
消费增长比较稳定
今年以来，消费持续活跃，对经济增长的源头性拉动作用逐步增强。由于消费需求取决于居民收入水平、收入预期和家庭预算约束，不会出现大起大落的情况，对今年经济增长不会产生大的扰动。需要注意的是，消费需求虽然不会对年度内的经济增长产生大的影响，但消费结构升级对中长期经济增长则具有决定性作用。我国1998年以后的内需不足，一个重要原因是国内消费结构升级没有启动；而2001年以后的消费需求趋旺，则主要是由于居民消费结构向改善居住、出行条件等方面的升级。
我们应当保持消费需求的活跃，逐步加大消费对经济增长的贡献。同时也要看到，这一轮消费结构升级以买房、装修和买车为消费热点，对房地产投资和重化工业发展的带动作用较强，对资源环境的压力也在加大。如果这些方面的消费需求过于旺盛，对稳定房地产市场、稳定房地产投资、稳定重化工原材料工业的发展，缓解经济增长与资源环境之间的矛盾，将产生负面影响。因此，对消费需求，特别是居民家庭的买房、买车活动，也要注意引导，使之保持稳定。
出口增长预计将逐步趋稳
首先，政府近期采取的限制“两高一资”产品出口等政策措施（分别于4月份、6月份、7月份实施），将越来越明显地发挥作用。据有关估计，全部“两高一资”产品大约占我国整个出口产品近三分之一，今年以来其出口增速明显高于总的出口增速。因此，相关政策的针对性是比较强的。此外，美国经济增速放慢会影响国际贸易量的扩大，对我国一般贸易出口将形成较大制约。
其次，人民币汇率升值步伐逐步加快，对一般贸易出口的约束将进一步显现。
第三，汇率升值和利用外资政策的调整，以及国内土地、劳动力成本的逐步提高，也将逐步约束外商投资增长，进而影响到加工贸易的增长。2003－2006年，加工贸易出口增速由34％降低到22％，今年上半年，继续保持在22％的增长水平，明显低于一般贸易出口增长。预计未来这一态势将继续保持。综合以上情况，预计下半年乃至全年出口增长将稳中趋降。
总结以上分析，可以认为，未来投资、消费、出口三项需求很可能呈现高位趋稳或略有降低的态势。在需求引导下，预计今年经济增长也将高位趋稳或略有降低。在继续坚持控制投资和出口过快增长的前提下，预计经济增长率将略有回落，全年GDP增长率在11％左右。
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